This study addresses the contamination of water resources by hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺), a highly toxic an‎d carcinogenic heavy metal. Conventional treatment methods such as chemical reduction, precipitation, an‎d membrane filtration face major drawbacks, including high chemical an‎d energy requirements an‎d the generation of hazardous secondary sludge, making them unsustainable in the long term. The paper emphasizes the adsorption method as a superior, eco-friendly, an‎d cost-effective alternative for Cr⁶⁺ removal. It highlights the use of bio-adsorbents derived from agricultural an‎d industrial byproducts, which offer high surface area an‎d low cost. The review also explains the fundamental theory an‎d kinetics of adsorption, describing how it effectively captures an‎d detoxifies chromium ions.Special attention is given to advanced adsorbent materials such as modified biochar, amino-functionalized natural biomass, an‎d modified rhizomes of Acorus calamus. These materials utilize adsorption-coupled reduction, converting the toxic Cr⁶⁺ into the safer Cr³⁺ form.In conclusion, the study demonstrates that adsorption offers high removal efficiency, low operational cost, an‎d potential for adsorbent regeneration, establishing it as a key sustainable technology for future global water treatment systems.

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The absorbent used for the removal of Cr (VI) from wate r