The global transition to a net-zero energy future is critically reliant on the efficient an‎d sustainable production of green hydrogen via electrochemical water splitting. Current industrial processes are economically bottlenecked by the reliance on scarce an‎d costly noble metal catalysts, specifically Platinum (Pt) for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) an‎d Iridium/Ruthenium oxides (IrO2/RuO2) for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). This exhaustive technical review presents High-Entropy Metallic Glasses (HEMGs) as a paradigm-shifting material solution engineered to transcend these limitations. HEMGs are a highly sophisticated material class defined by the confluence of multi-principal-element compositions (5 elements) characteristic of high- entropy alloys (HEAs) an‎d the amorphous, non-crystalline atomic arrangement intrinsic to metallic glasses (MGs). Their superlative electrocatalytic efficacy is governed by four intrinsic material effects: the High-Entropy Effect (thermodynamic stability), the Sluggish Diffusion Effect (kinetic stability), Severe Lattice Distortion (geometric strain), an‎d the highly functional Cocktail Effect (elemental synergy). This unique structural an‎d chemical complexity facilitates the rational, unprecedented electronic fine-tuning of the catalyst surface, primarily through the precise adjustment of the d-ban‎d center, which serves as the universal electronic descriptor for moderating the crucial adsorption energy of reaction intermediates (H∗, OOH∗). The inherent structural disorder maximizes the catalytic turnover frequency by offering a pervasive density of non-uniform, highly active, an‎d geometrically frustrated sites. We detail advanced structural engineering strategies, including the creation of nanoporous HEMGs via selec‎tive dealloying for maximized ECSA an‎d the development of Amorphous/Crystalline Heterostructures (ACH) for interfacial synergy an‎d enhanced structural robustness. The review quantitatively demonstrates that HEMGs achieve HER an‎d OER performance metrics comparable to noble metals, exhibiting superior chemical stability, resistance to poisoning, an‎d inherent potential for cost-effective bifunctional operation. HEMGs are definitively established as the essential material platform for advancing future sustainable green hydrogen technologies.

11/10/2025 12:00:00 AM

88385

1404/08/24

High-Entropy Metallic Glasses (HEMGs) as Next-Generation Catalysts in Water Splitting

High Entropy Metallic Glasses , Electrocatalysis , Water Splitting , Hydrogen Evolution Reaction , Oxygen Evolution Reaction , Green Hydrogen , d Band Center , Catalyst Design , Amorphous Structure , Nanoporous Catalysts