Abstract Rapid urbanization has precipitated a dramatic escalation in municipal solid waste generation, straining conventional collection systems characterized by static schedules an‎d unoptimized routes. These inefficiencies manifest as excessive fuel consumption, elevated carbon emissions (20–40% higher than data-driven approaches), an‎d frequent container overflows that compromise public health an‎d urban aesthetics. This seminar presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of an IoT-based Smart Waste Management System (SWMS) leveraging the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol as its communication backbone. Through systematic literature review of 36 peer- reviewed sources (2018–2025), the research demonstrates MQTTʹs superiority over HTTP for resource-constrained environments achieving 99% reduction in protocol overhead an‎d enabling 12+ month battery lifespans on ESP32-based sensor nodes. The analysis establishes ultrasonic sensors with temperature compensation as the optimal sensing modality for fill-level detection, balancing ±3mm accuracy with economic viability (<‎$3/unit) at municipal scale. Critically, the study addresses the security-efficiency trade-off inherent in lightweight protocols, demonstrating that TLS 1.3 with ECDHE cipher suites provides adequate infrastructure protection with only 15–20% battery penalty— justified by municipal liability requirements an‎d regulatory compliance. While this work remains theoretical without physical implementation, its architectural synthesis provides municipalities with a validated foundation for transitioning from calendar-driven routines to data-responsive operations, potentially reducing collection costs by 20–30% an‎d vehicle kilometers by 25–35%. The findings affirm that protocol-level decisions fundamentally determine the scalability an‎d sustainability of urban IoT deployments, positioning MQTT- based architectures as essential infrastructure for 21st-century smart cities committed to operational efficiency an‎d environmental stewardship.

2/18/2026 12:00:00 AM

89740

1404/12/01

School of Computer Engineering Iran University of Science an‎d Technology IoT-Based Smart Waste Container Monitoring System Using MQTT Communication Protocol

Internet of Things , Smart Waste Management , MQTT Protocol , Smart Cities , Ultrasonic Sensors , ESP32 , TLS/SSL Encryption , Urban Sustainability.