چكيده به لاتين
The elimination of traffic congestion in metropolitan areas has become a complicated matter. Research and experience have shown that the solution for this situation is not only to increase supply by adding lanes but also controlling demand by managing the possible choices people have. The question is where and to what degree to apply the Travel Demand Management(TDM); and its influence on shaping people long term choices in terms of the land use. Therefore, in this thesis a three stage model, entitled MHCCUE (Minimize Hidden Cost of Congestion based on User Equilibrium), provided to calculate the minimum selected links in the network’s users equilibrium (UE) situation to determine dimensions and suitable locations to apply selected TDM strategy. The MHCCUE model application’s results for Hearn network, which used as test bed in previous studies, shows this model in addition to increasing flow and reduce total costs, including toll and users’ travel time, improves accessibility index as of the network evaluating criterion and the most principle interaction factor between transport–land use that identified the growth and development possibility of a specified land use in the network. Then, to evaluate the model in actual size, congestion area of Tehran metropolitan is considered. In this regard, considering the complexities of this large-scale network and the extensive selection of possible paths, a hybrid differential evolutionary optimization method was introduced to simultaneously solves the traffic assignment and determination of tolled links, given as CMDE (Combined Model base on Differential Evolutionary). Therefore, a program was written to solve CMDE with any form of network regardless of the number of nodes –link and route information. The CMDE simultaneously find the minimum travel cost between each origin-destination pair, traffic flow, travel times and assigned toll to each candidate link of the network. In this thesis, by matching the license plate information gathered through smart cameras at the entrances and exits of the Tehran congestion area as the inputs data of the model, the value of users’ time, as well as origin-destination travel demand matrix has been estimated. At the end, according to the results of CMDE and extracted spatial land use data for main links of network, connection between accessibility, spatial land use and also the selected TDM policy (congestion toll pricing) effectiveness on accessibility index is determined. Also, the possibility of development in spatial land use and growth for residential, official, educational and commercial land use are specified in the main links of Tehran congestion area.
