چكيده به لاتين
Abdtract:
Coordination schemes in supply chains are generally based on centralized and decentralized decision-making processes. Supply chain coordination is based on joint decision-making in a decentralized structure. Because a coordinated supply chain can produce high-quality products and can lower costs, as compared to a traditional supply chain, it can earn more market share. Considering the importance of health care and that the pharmaceuticals represent a significant part of health care costs. Therefore, efficient management of the pharmaceutical supply chain is important.
A two-level pharmaceutical supply chain, including a supplier and a distributor with a kind of drug is considered in this paper. The drug has shelf life, and in order to maximize customer service, service level constraints has been added to the model. Ordering system of the distributor is assumed periodic review. The length of order interval and lead time are fixed, nevertheless, demand in the length of order interval and lead time is probable and follows normal distribution. The shortage in the distributor level is associated with a combination of backorder and lost-sale shortage. In this model, delay in payments contract has been used as a mechanism for coordination. Given that the model is a nonlinear problem, the Lagrange multiplier method has been used to solve it. The proposed model has been solved with information about Persocaine and several numerical examples, and sensitivity analysis of the model’s parameters has been conducted. The results show that the coordination model makes more profits for the whole supply chain and its members compared with decentralized model, and under uncertain demand, it also has better performance. It should be noted that the model proposed in this paper in conditions of service level constraints and shelf life gives a fine performance as well so that the coordination model minimizes the reduction in the profit chain when service level constraints are added to the model. In this model, keeping costs in low both levels is suggested to members of the chain that affects directly credit time.
Keywords: Coordination models, Pharmecutical supply chain, Delay in payment contract, Service level constraint, Shelf life constraint.
