چكيده به لاتين
Abstract:
Housing has always been a necessity for humankind from the very beginning and failure to meet this need from the quantitative and qualitative aspects, owing to psychological and social consequences which are irreparable. According to the statistics announced by the Iranian Center for Population and Housing Census in 1395 (solar calendar), from the population of 80 million people, 24.2 million families have been estimated and 22 million houses have been registered; as a result, the country faces 2.2 million housing shortages. At the same time, according to the Central Bank, about 44% of household spending is spent on the housing; thus, it takes about a century to eliminate this cost from the basket of the first and second deciles. The government is trying to solve this challenge by building houses or supporting schemes which are known as social housing in the world. Housing for low-income or social housing groups has created obstacles such as the concentration of poverty and deepening of the class divide. The survey of the current status of social housing in the world shows that the developed countries have gone through the low-income housing from the era of housing construction and are thinking of redeveloping social housing with a social mixing approach to redress poverty and the consequences of injuries, social abnormalities and quality of life in these places. On the other hand, the rapid and unpredictable process of urban growth, the growth of remote areas, the lack of facilities and capacities around towns, is aimed at removing the human dimension from urban. The present research seeks to address housing requirements by considering a quantitative dimension and emphasizing the quality dimension by studying the housing situation, especially the low-income groups and analyzing the housing of these strata in Iran and social housing in the world. To this end, in reaching the city which has the sensory perceptions of man from space and place, Iranian neighborhoods and contemporary theories (sustainable development) and infill development strategy, the need for housing in the country, statistics from the current status, Pathology of the Mehr housing in Iran and the study of social housing in the world, the research begins. Based on these resources and the hypothesis of social mixing for solving the housing problem of low-income groups, a residential complex in Yazd city (an example of the continuation of neighborhoods) is considered as a research pilot. Research hypotheses are investigated and interviews are conducted in-depth and semi-structured with about 30 inhabitants. Along with the qualitative research, observing and recording the lifestyle and recognizing the requirements of different classes of the residents has also taken place along the way. Results of field studies shows, housing in particular, with the design approach for low-income groups or the assignment of a housing complex to low-income groups, would reproduce poverty and make this segment of a rich socially-based society. Use of the social-mixing approach in the inner capacities of the city would be a worthwhile idea. According to field studies and research, by assigning one-fifth to one-four of each of the land plots to the state's aid for housebuilding for these strata, along with supplying the need for housing in urban areas and the return of living in cities, especially historical places, the proper and early social mixing takes place in the context of constructive interactions with the residents' satisfaction.
Keywords: Low-income, Social housing, Social-mix, Infill-development
