18568

۱۸۵۶۸

تبيين و ارزيابي مؤلفه‌هاي انطباق ابزارهاي نوين نور روز با ساختمان (نورگيرهاي متداول ساختمان‌هاي ميان‌مرتبه تهران)

دكتري تخصصي

معماري

بهمن ۱۳۹۶

دكتر محسن فيضي - دكتر فاطمه مهدي زاده سراج

معماري و شهرسازي

امروزه باتوجه به بحران نور روز در ساختمان¬ها؛ افزايش روشنايي طبيعي در فضاي داخلي به لحاظ ترجيحات اقتصادي، سلامت و زيست- محيطي از اهميت بالايي برخوردار مي¬باشد. پژوهش حاضر، در راستاي بسترسازي جهت بهره¬گيري از "فناوري¬هاي نوين نور روز" در هسته كور ساختمان¬ها -فضاهاي مجاور "چاه نوري" در ساختمان‌هاي ميان¬مرتبه تهران- برنامه ريزي شده و با هدف شناسايي و ارزيابي عوامل مؤثر در انطباق ابزارهاي نوين انتقال نور روز با ساختمان شكل‌گرفته است. به¬منظور كشف اينكه در مواجهه‌ي ابزارهاي نورروز با ساختمان، فراتر از نيازهاي روشنايي فضا، چه معيارهايي دخيل هستند، لازم است تا از منظري خارج از حوزه طراحي ابزار¬ها و از منظر حوزه¬هاي مرتبط با ساختمان، به اين هم‌جواري نگريسته شود. پژوهش به دنبال پاسخگويي به اين سؤال است كه: «عوامل مؤثر بر انطباق ابزارهاي نوين انتقال نور با چاه‌هاي نوري متداول ساختمان‌ها كدم‌اند و سهم هريك چيست؟» در راستاي رسيدن به هدف، رساله در چهار گام منسجم برنامه‌ريزي گرديد كه پيوسته¬گي مراتب آن نوآوري رساله حاضر محسوب مي¬گردد. در گام اول جهت دستيابي به مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در بهره‌گيري از فناوري‌هاي نوين نور روز در ساختمان، به‌ بررسي ساختاريافته در ادبيات پرداخته شد و بانك اطلاعاتي جامع متشكل از خصوصيات عملكردي سامانه¬ها و با رويكرد استخراج مؤلفه‌ها تشكيل گرديد. پس از استخراج مؤلفه‌ها و طبقه‌بندي آن‌ها، چارچوبي نوين از معيارها و شاخص¬ها شكل گرفت كه پايه گام‌هاي بعدي پژوهش گرديد. در مرحله بعدي از اين گام، چارچوب مذكور طي مراحل سه‌گانه دلفي، توسط متخصصان، غربالگري و تثبيت گشت. در گام دوم، روابط تعاملي ميان معيارها و زيرمعيارها از طريق تكنيك ديماتل ارزيابي گشته و شبكه ارتباطي و روابط معني‌دار ميان آن‌ها ترسيم گرديد. در گام سوم پژوهش، به تحليل، ارزيابي و رتبه‌بندي مؤلفه‌ها و تعيين سهم هريك در انطباق ابزارها با ساختمان پرداخته شد. در اين مرحله با استفاده از راهبرد چندمعياره و با بهره‌گيري از تكنيك تحليل شبكه¬اي، به بررسي مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در انتخاب ابزار مناسب و منطبق با نورگير پرداخته شد و درنهايت سهم و اولويت‌هاي تأثير هريك از زيرمعيارهاي 22 گانه استخراج گرديد. نتايج حاكي است كه در اين مواجهه، مؤلفه‌هاي بيروني (ساختماني، اقتصادي، تكنيكال) بيش از مؤلفه‌هاي دروني (كاركردي) ابزارها در انطباق آن‌ها با ساختمان نقش ايفا مي¬كنند. در گام چهارم پژوهش، پس از گرداوري داده¬هاي تركيبي، سامانه¬‌هايي كه بر اساس اولويت‌بندي بخش پيشين ¬و متناسب خصوصيات بستر موردمطالعه به سامانه بهينه نزديك‌تر بودند، بر پايه تكنيك تاپسيس شناسايي، رتبه‌بندي و پيشنهاد گرديد. پژوهش در گام سه و چهار موفق به تدوين ساختار تركيبي نوآور براي تعيين ميزان انطباق ابزارهاي نوين نورروز با ساختمان و انتخاب بهينه گرديد. واژه‌هاي كليدي: روشنايي طبيعي در ساختمان، سامانه¬هاي نوين نور روز، نورگير، ابزارهاي انتقال نور.

1396/12/06

3/20/2020 12:00:00 AM

Nowadays, dense cities has led towards the decrease of daylight penetration into the interior space. Daylight crisis in buildings brings significant challenges to architecture, in three domains of economic, health - wellbeing and environment. "Light well" as one of the most common means of daylight tolls in building, experiences severe limitations and requiers special attention. The question is which strategy is the best for increasing the daylight penetration to the depth of buildings. One of the main challenges in deep plan is to guide daylight into the building core and this can be performed through daylighting strategies, but the choice of the proper innovative daylighting system (IDS) with several parameters is the problem. This paper aims to find elements for optimal choice and selecting context-compatible tools for light well. The result shows that four macro factors were found at the interaction of building and IDS. Identifying the integration components can play an effective role in decision-making or design a new tolls consistent with the physical conditions of light well and building to overcome the daylight crisis. Current Study has been developed based on four steps in order to finding challenges. Results of the first step indicated that light well improvement methods in phase one and two (which have been designed since 1986 on the basis of the “Cartwright Sizing” rule) are under the influence of numerous physical limitations on the path towards improvement of light well performance, and this goal will not be attained based on the common light well index in urban contexts. On the other hand, results of analysis of light well improvement methods indicated that concerning phase three (utilization of IDS), which is based on the ability to realize the potentials of light wells for transmission of light, no fundamental research was conducted on the relationships between architecture (light wells) and innovative strategies. This gap drives the research toward the second step to clarify the challenges to utilization of innovative daylighting technologies. Results of the second step revealed that studies conducted on daylight guiding technologies are classified into the following four categories: method of estimating system efficiency; improving system performance; presenting a decision-making model; and compatibility of the system with physical conditions. Very few studies have been carried out on the fourth group, but in this area the interaction of innovative daylighting technologies and different dimensions of building design is more significant. Seemingly, challenges faced by architects and policy makers in selecting a suitable system will be overcome in this section. In this regard, analysis of reviews in the interaction of daylight systems and buildings shows that, there are several parameters other than "light Performance assessment of system". These parameters influence the choice of suitable system for building. Lack of concern for internal and external parameters will result in non-compliance system. Hence, the next step is defined in the process of analyzing IDS and discovering related components. Results of the third step of the present research led to the development of a coherent framework for new daylight transmission systems that is capable of examining and discovering the important components. Accordingly, daylight guiding systems were classified by functions of their components (i.e. differences in collecting, transporting, and distributing light). Results of step four led to the development of a conceptual model recommended as the model consisting of components influencing compatibility of systems with buildings. This conceptual model is a new structure for understanding interactions of innovative daylight guiding systems with buildings. In steps two and three it was indicated that in spite of estimating the lighting efficiency of systems other components are involved in the interaction between systems and buildings and in the selection of a system to match the building, and selection of a system based on lighting efficiency estimates will not yield satisfactory results. Therefore, based on the research conducted in step three, components affecting performance of systems were classified into 4 major scopes: lighting performance (effectiveness), utilization, building compatibility, and social area. Each of these groups can be measured with the corresponding criteria from different dimensions. Based on the results of this research, the value and role of each component in selection of a suitable system will be studied in future researches, which will be conducted on experimental research and the necessity of extracting components influencing the design of IDS improvement in proportion to native and regional conditions. This can determine the optimum combination of tools and physical components of buildings for increasing efficiency of lighting in adjacent spaces and estimating the efficiency of these systems. Future researches, which will be focused on the creation of a proper combination of collection, transportation and emission for light wells, will be of value for development and application purposes and will lead to maximum utilization of the daylight in buildings and develop of light penetration into the core of buildings. Keywords: Innovative daylighting system, Building, Architecture, light well, Integration.