چكيده به لاتين
One of the most challenging issues in urban and regional planning debates is the proper
distribution of space for human activities. There are multiple factors effecting the balance
between needs and resources which increase the complexity of planning systems.
Doubtless, this challenge would be more serious in invaluable natural environments such as
coastal lands, agricultural lands, forests and etc. Coastal pre-urban lands throughout the
world are the settings for protracted conflicts between public and private control of access
to the shoreline. Shoreline tends to be very attractive and brings together conflicting
interests among various actors. On the one hand, landowners refer to private property rules
to make shoreline exclusive spaces with strongly restricted access to the public. On the
other hand, due to public pressure or due to coastal resources in need for environmental
protection, public bodies are increasingly using planning systems for mitigating shoreline
privatization mechanisms. In this case the physical output could be the increasing trend in
the creation of exclusive spaces in coastal pre-urban areas, representing the hegemony of
being excluded, individual use of public spaces and spatial segregation as well. This trend is
now common in both more and less developed countries. While the physical forms of
exclusiveness of pre-urban lands might be the same in all these societies, there are some
critical differences in the roots, institutional and structural mechanisms, evoking the
privatization of public areas.
There are two main questions, conducting the procedural elements of this research. First
consider the categories of exclusive spaces in the coastal pre urban areas in the southern
part of the Caspian Sea, and the second is dealing with the mechanisms, structures and
contexts supporting the creation of these privatized spaces. In this case this research is the
kind of exploratory and descriptive research regarding the first question, and also the kind
of critical and explanation research in related to the second question. The author attempted
to find the answers with applying the qualitative research approach, with the case study
strategy and the documentary analysis method for the first question and the constructivist
grounded theory for the second one as the main subject of this research. The outputs of
analysis showed that there are two main categories of exclusive spaces in the case study.
Privatized public spaces supporting either with the political power or economic one. The
physical representations of the first category are the private gated communities as well as commercial complexes built by the wealthy groups of the society, excluding the public
access either with the physical barriers such as walls, fences and gates or with the nonphysical
elements, with are invisible and symbolic for preventing the entrance of mostly
poor people. the second category includes the governmental and state’s gated
communities, built for the exclusive use of governmental clients and their families. The
outputs of the analysis techniques such as coding system, memo-writing, situational
analysis, social world map and etc, represents the key role of six main concepts in the
creation of exclusive spaces in coastal pre-urban areas in the case study, including
Deficiencies of formal institutional framework, power conflict, non-productive political
economy, multiplier rentier processes. Each of these selective codes, contains their related
focused codes which is shaped on the basis of open coding processes and researcher’s
analysis. The axial coding system shapes the main hypothesizes with clarifying the relations
and interactions of different focused codes. Constant Comparison of codes, quotations,
memos, socio-economical and historical contexts prepared the logical basis for the
understanding of this interactions. In this sense, the non-productive political economy and
the rentier spatial structures are the structural situations, the power conflicts and collective
cultural contexts supporting the privatized spaces, are the contextual situations for the
creation of exclusive spaces in coastal pre-urban areas. The insufficient formal institutional
structure is also the causal situation for this phenomenon which leads to the multiplier rent
the case that the middle classes as well as the lower levels of the society join the trends of
rentier real estate market. the consequence of this trend is environmental and spatial
demolishes representing with the demolishes of coastal lands, socio-spatial segregation and
the insufficient function of regional spatial activities.
Keywords: space, exclusive space, coastal pre-urban areas, middle shoreline of Caspian Sea
