چكيده به لاتين
The electric vehicles (EVs) will see a significantly increasing portion in the future transportation system in order to tackle environmental issues. Deployment of EVs not only affects the operation of the power system, but also imposes some necessary interactions that have not existed in the system before. Therefore, it is important to investigate the EVs impact on electricity trading and their interactions with other market entities involved in the system.
This thesis provides a methodology to develop the interaction between parking lot and distribution system operator in energy and reserve market while considering load and wind power uncertainty. To this end, a bilevel approach is applied to model inherently conflicting objective between distribution system operator and parking lot and interactions between the two agents. In this model, distribution system operator and parking lot operator are its two main levels. The proposed bilevel problem is reduced to a single level optimization problem by implementing dual theorem and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions. In the proposed scheme, the optimal energy quantities for both DSO on the upper-level and PL owner on the lower-level have been obtained.
On the other hand, cooperative behavior between different levels of decision-making in the distribution network is modeled using the Stackelberg's game theory in which utilities are working as the leader and the parking lots are their followers. The price of charging and discharging as well as the amount of power exchanged between the aggregator and the parking lots are considered as decision making variables that connect these players. In the proposed model, the interaction between the leader and its followers continues to reach unique Stackelberg equilibrium that is beneficial for both the aggregators and the parking lots. Moreover, for handeling of uncertainty, using a stochastic scheduling approach, which includes the mean and variance of aggregator's profit, is applied in the optimization process in order to well address the deviation of profit in different conditions of uncertainty.
Keywords: Electric vehicles parking lot, Distribution system, Bilevel optimization, Stackelberg game, Energy and reserve markets.
