چكيده به لاتين
Nowadays products' recycling plays a very important role in protecting the environment. Using reverse supply chains is an appropriate method for remanufacturing products and putting them back in the production and consumption cycle. One of the objectives of the reverse supply chain is to achieve environmental goals, which, in addition to saving production costs, also plays an important role in protecting the environment.
This thesis addresses both vertical and horizontal cooperation in two competitive reverse supply chains, each of which includes one collector, one remanufacturer, and one retailer. The remanufacturers compete on the quality level of remanufactured products. We analyze the investigated system under different structures including decentralized, centralized, horizontal cooperation, and coordinated decision-making models. The results show that when the two remanufacturers cooperate horizontally, the profit of each collector and retailer will reduce compared with that in the decentralized structure. To overcome this drawback, we propose a new coordination contract named multiple-link two-part tariff to simultaneously coordinate the members of each chain. The proposed contract not only effectively convinces the remanufacturers to participate in the coordination model instead of horizontal cooperation, but also provides a win-win-win condition for all members and improves the quality level of remanufactured products. The results indicate the proper performance of the proposed contract in improving the competing chains’ profits, especially where there exists no intense competition between the remanufacturers. Moreover, the proposed contract is able to coordinate multiple links in the investigated supply chains and increase both the demand of remanufactured products and the supply of end-of-life products, simultaneously. Considering the negative impacts of end-of-life products on the environment, the proposed coordination contract will be of both economic and environmental benefits.
Keywords: Three echelon reverse supply chain, Channel coordination, Horizontal cooperation, Quality level competition, Multiple-link two-part tariff contract
