19375

۱۹۳۷۵

فضاهاي باز جمعي و بازتوليد اقتدار سياسي (در اصفهان عصر صفوي)

دكتري

معماري

۱۳۹۰

۱۳۹۷/۴/۶

دكتر سيد عباس يزدانفر - دكتر مصطفي بهزادفر

معماري و شهرسازي

از دهه 1960 ميلادي با اهميت يافتن مؤلفه‌هاي اجتماعي، فرهنگي، سياسي و منافع انساني، مفاهيمي نظير قدرت در مباحث اجتماعي، مطرح و به تبع آن وارد حوزه‌ي طراحي و برنامه‌ريزي محيط مصنوع شد. اگرچه امروزه اغلب فعّالان حوزه‌ي طراحيِ فضاهاي شهري بر رابطه تنگاتنگ فضاها و قدرت سياسي تاكيد دارند و مطالعات گسترده‌اي در اين باب انجام داده‌اند؛ ليكن آنچه در اين ميان كمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌ طرح چارچوبي بر اساس نظريات جامعه‌شناختيِ فضا-قدرت است كه امكان تحليل محتواييِ فضاهاي شهري را از اين منظر فراهم سازد. رساله‌ي پيشِ‌رو با هدف برقراري تناظري معنادار ميان اهداف سياسي صفويه و بُروز تغييرات جدّي در كالبد و محتواي فضاهاي شهري اين دوره شكل گرفته‌است. اين رساله با اتخاذ رويكردي كيفي روش تاريخي-تفسيري را براي مواجهه با داده‌هاي نظري و روش پديدارشناسي را براي گردآوري و تحليل داده‌هاي مربوط (فضاي شهري به مثابه‌ي متن) به نمونه‌ي موردي مناسب ديده‌است. نوآوري‌هاي اين پژوهش را مي‌توان در دو بخش كلي مورد بررسي قرار داد. در بخش اول پژوهشگر توانسته با تكيه بر مطالعات نظري به تدوين چارچوبي جهت كاربست نظريات جامعه‌شناختيِ فضا-قدرت در تحليل محتواييِ فضاهاي شهري از منظر قدرت دست يابد. اين چارچوب در مورد فضاهاي شهر اصفهان در عهد شاه عباس اول به آزمون گذاشته شد. همچنين نوآوري در زمينه‌ي روش تحقيق را نيز مي‌توان يكي ديگر از يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش دانست. در اين رساله سعي شد در جهت رفع نُقصان موجود در روش‌هاي پيشين تاويل متن نظريه‌ي رمان باختين به عنوان رويكردي جديد در اين زمينه آزموده‌شده و به كار گرفته شود.

1397/06/27

Urban Spaces and Reproduction of Political Power (in Safavid Isfahan

9/18/2018 12:00:00 AM

Space is a multi-dimensional concept that is at once economic, political, semiotic and experiential, and in this sense it is an integral component of social interaction and an indispensable vector for critical theories. After 1980's knowledge of space has become critical to understanding the production and transformation of power relations, and in this regard the built environment is an important concept for any endeavor in social analysis. By reviewing a subsection of the growing academic literature on space and power theories, this thesis seeks to demonstrate how the consideration of power-spatial relations can enhance our understanding of urban spaces in urban study researches. This research explores the possibilities for development of social theories of space-power based on the theories of Anthony Giddens, Lefebvre, Michel de Certeau and Foucault, coupled with methods of content analysis of urban spaces. The aim of this article is to explore how political power in Safavid era, especially Shah Abbsas reign, is reproduced in urban spaces, and to explore how these reproduction processes might be conceptualized and analyzed. To do this a theoretical and analytical framework for analysis of power-spatial relations is discussed as the macro level research achievement of this thesis. The dissertation begins by exploring the social theories of power and space to analyze and interpret the relationship between urban space and political power: how power shapes and determines certain forms of spaces and how spaces, in turn take on specific power relations. This analytical review clarify main strategies which political powers implement to shape urban spaces, and improve their authority and legitimacy through spaces, in turn. These strategies can be categorized in three main steps. The first is applying spatial technologies through founding of spatial structural and functional principles. Showing attention to representations of urban spaces in society is another step which can be achieved by controlling of spatial advertisement in multiple media, spatial reflection on movies, books, paintings …, and finally controlling the narratives. The third step could be explained as penetration on everyday life of urban spaces users. Although, practice of everyday life was firstly mentioned by de Certeau as a tactic of power objects for resistance to power, but everyday life practices could be hanger of power relation via what Giddens suggested as structuration theory. That suggests that spatialized practices of power can be modeled as enabling and constraining relations between “structure” and “agency”, which is explained thoroughly across the second chapter. The content analyzing of urban spaces methodology of this dissertation is based on text analyzing methods. Emphasizing on M.M.Bakhtin's reading theory, this research explores urban spaces as a particular text, novel, and takes the conceptual framework of Bakhtin's novel theory into consideration for content analyzing of places. It seems another macro-level innovation of the thesis is to develop a structural and substantial analysis method borrowing the concept of novel reading from linguistics, and to elaborate a tool for the meaning analysis in a historical urban research scope. This methodology is discussed during chapter three. Grounded on analytical and interpretative study of social theories of space and power relations (chapter tow), this thesis seeks to demonstrate how ruling power during Shah Abbas reign produced urban spaces and how those spaces reproduced authority and legitimacy for those power relations. The research concentrated on Naghsh e Jahan square and Chahar Bagh Street as city scale urban spaces on that era. This analyzing of historical Isfahan urban spaces, in fifth chapter is based on historical- interpretative study of political basis of Shah Abbas kingdom in forth chapter.