مستوره ميرزايي فر

Abstract Due to some threats, the hospitals may undergo a lot of failures. The continuous function and activity of the hospitals play a crucial role in reducing the death casualties of the citizens. If the hospital stops functioning, considering its wide usage, the consequences will be so catastrophic. This is considered to be an irrevocable harm for nations and governments. Deploying passive defense arrangements with the aim of decreasing hospital vulnerability will increase the defensive ability of the hospital in crisis on one hand, and will increase safety of the staff or the hospitalized patients on the other hand. This will cause the services of the hospital to become permanent and will make the construction of the failed areas possible with minimum cost. The continuity of the hospital services play a significant role in decreasing the casualties and will compensate most of the mortal and financial losses The first step in preparing the hospitals against crisis is risk evaluation. It is a tool for recognition of dangers and vulnerability in order to replace physical reactions with rational strategies of risk mitigation. Therefore, all the threats for the urban hospitals should be evaluated and, along with the recognition of vulnerable points, some approaches should be taken into account for the reduction of these vulnerabilities. Considering the importance of the hospital against terrorist threats and the vulnerability of the hospital to potential threats, it is imperative that all parts of the hospital be investigated. This study has been done with the aim of evaluating all the asset risks of the hospital from the passive defense point of view. Also, in this study, all the threats which are considered to be the main threats by the specialist experts of architecture are recognized and evaluated. According to the indicators that were obtained through the use of descriptive-analytical methodology and interviews with library studies through the use of Delphi methodology, the experts identified the basic threats affecting the urban hospital including bombing, terrorist, chemical, biological and radiation threats. an‎d according to the results, the evaluation of assets and threats related to urban hospitals has been determined and the severity of the vulnerability of each of the potential threats to designated assets has been identified. Finally, by calculating the risk number of each asset in five steps using FEMA's FMA risk assessment methodology, a method for recognizing the main assets of the hospital along with their threats and vulnerabilities. This method makes it possible to decide about risk mitigation based on risk evaluation. This method is consisted of five steps which lead the reader toward the best way of risk evaluation and risk mitigation. The main function of this method is in risk evaluation of the constructions The five steps are FEM risk assessment, threat identification and evaluation, asset value appraisal, vulnerability assessment, risk assessment and risk reduction options. The results indicate that the highest point of hospital vulnerability is in bombardment threats and the chemical threat is the second most anticipated threat to the hospital. Hospital and emergency departments are the most vulnerable hospital assets due to the type of function and the role that the overall hospital performance plays. In the end, all the principles and foundations of extraction from a number of studies have been presented in the form of applied design rules and have been used as the basis for the reconstruction of the Tehran-Tehran Hospital Key words. Hospital, Vulnerability, Risk, Threats, Safe Hospital