چكيده به لاتين
Utilization and proper management of water resources are one of the most important factors in economic development and food security of the countries. Today, climate change along with other environmental and regional variables has exacerbated water tensions. The availability and independent gathering of information on water resources enables experts and decision-makers to analyze and investigate existing water problems with a more comprehensive view. It is imperative that decision-makers, before any policy-making, have a full understanding of the situation in the region in order to better understand the strategies that are effective and practicable in order to achieve their goals, including food security and sustainable development of water resources. Therefore, numerous water accounting systems have expanded to better understand the status of water resources and related problems, challenges and opportunities. In this research, WA+ water accounting framework was used to analyze and compile water accounting sheets. The WA+ approach is also suitable for uses in complex basins and regions that have faced with scarcity of hydrological data. On the other hand, the WA+ approach allows the use of remote sensing techniques and satellite imagery, which increases the accuracy of spatial-temporal calculations. Also, the ability of separation of the blue water and green water provides the most effective and efficient management of water resources. Distributed hydrologic model SPHY(Spatial-Hydrology) was used to estimate hydrological parameters such as runoff. To evaluate the efficiency of satellite images, all inputs of this model were extracted from satellite and Open-Access dataset. Machine learning algorithms are used to downscale extracted precipitation dataset from satellite images.
The catchment area of Lake Urmia is selected as a case study for applying the developed model to evaluate the capability of the WA+ approach. Several factors, such as increased crop area, climate change, population growth and excessive water abstraction, have exacerbated the disadvantages of the basin. In this study, 2013 was selected as the accounting year. The results reveals that the Urmia Lake basin, contrary to the policies applied, still is suffering from the malmanagement, especially in the agricultural sector, and the continuation of this process can further aggravate the future of this basin.
