چكيده به لاتين
Smoking is one of the factors that threatens health. Identifying the influential factors is necessary to understand unhealthy behaviors of the society like smoking. There are variety of reasons behind smoking and the resulted addiction; it is significantly different in various societies according to the characteristics of each one. It is obvious that increasing smoking leads to the destruction of ethical, economic and social foundations and creates corruption inside the society. It threatens today’s and future’s generations and may even cause degeneration. This problem is so common that none of the countries in the world can claim that it is not struggling with it. A society which in smoking has become common is a sick society and productivity will reduce in such a society. The wealth of each country is the productivity of three factors: financial, natural and human resources. Labor is the most important property of a country in terms of quality and quantity, but it requires an attempt to supply health and maximize human common abilities.
A model is estimated according to the importance of economic and social factors and the statistics of the Central Bank of Iran and Statistics of these factors. The study analyzes the influence of factors that have an impact on smoking with econometrics method and by province in urban areas in time period of 85 to 95 with panel data and constant effects. Economic factors including the average annual income of a household, unemployed rate, Gini coefficient and smoking price index in urban areas and social factors including literacy rate, divorce rate, population, gender ratio in urban areas.
The results of the study show that there is a positive correlation between the above-mentioned economic factors and the average cost of annual smoking of a household; with the increase in the mentioned factor, the people’s tendency towards smoking increases. It is to mention that smoking price index is the most influential factor on smoking in Iran. Gender ratio of social factors entered into the model in the same way, but because of not having a meaningful relation with smoking and the average annual cost of smoking in Tehran and other urban areas, it was omitted from the model and there is a correlation between the other social factors and the average cost of annual smoking of a household.
Keywords: Panel data Econometrics, Household smoking cost, Household income, Smoking price index, Smoking.
