چكيده به لاتين
Abstract
High consumption and demand for ethanol as an additive for gasoline and various uses in the chemical industry and high initial costs for the synthesis of ethanol from crude oil cause a global approach to the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol can be produced from different sources of biomass, including biological materials from agricultural products and natural materials.
In this research, we first describe the types of biofuels, the distinction between synthetic ethanol and bioethanol and the use of bioethanol as fuel for cars. Subsequently, introducing primary sources for the production of bioethanol from each of the three generations, and then bio-ethanol conversion methods for each generation are examined separately.
The main focus of this study is on optimizing the production of bioethanol from the third generation of biomass, which includes saline water and freshwater microalgae. In this study, the bio-ethanol production method was two-stage. The first step is to optimize the production of glucose from the microalgae biodegradable by acidic hydride, which has a maximum glucose production of 4.9 g⁄L for 10 g⁄L Chlorella vulgaris microalgae at 130 ℃, with a sulfuric acid concentration of 1% for 15 minutes. 10 g⁄L Dunaliella salina microalgae under the same conditions was 9.3 g⁄L. The second step was the production of bioethanol from glucose from the hydrolysis stage using yeast, which has a maximum of pH 4.5 for 6 days and 18 hours for 10 g⁄L glucose from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae at 22 ℃, with a pH of 4.5 for 6 days and 18 hours. Ethanol production of 8% v⁄v and 8 g⁄L glucose from Dunaliella salina microalga at 25 ºC, with a pH of 4.5 for 6 days and 22 hours with a maximum ethanol production of 6% v⁄v. In the hydrolysis section, the amount of heat energy consumed is calculated and optimized when the hydrolysis system is combined with and without the Linear / Particulate Solar Collector System combined with Photovoltaic. At the end, the amount of final ethanol produced is calculated to provide the required thermal energy from the bio-ethanol produced, and if the system is combined with the solar caliper and the heat required from the final product, the maximum bioethanol production is 12.7% for Chlorella vulgaris and 9.6% for Dunaliella salina, compared to non-use of the Linear / Particulate Solar Collector System combined with Photovoltaic.
Keywords: Bioethanol, Microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina
