چكيده به لاتين
The construction industry, globally and in Iran, is one of the most important contributors to natural resource depletion and the leading cause of adverse effects such as air and water pollution, solid waste, deforestation, toxic waste, health risks, global warming and other negative consequences. Office buildings significantly consume resources as well as other environmental impacts such as pollution emission and solid waste generation. Although the traditional view of having unlimited resources is still prevalent in Iran, awareness of environmental impacts is increasing and many initiatives to address sustainability issues are expanding. The main motivation of this study is to reduce the destructive effects of buildings on resources and energy consumption. This study seeks to use materials that have the lowest carbon emissions in the life cycle of this climate. In this thesis, a simulated analytical research method was used. Unlike the usual methods of imposing sustainable elements on the building at the final design stage, this study, using energy simulation results and alternative materials analysis, designed an environmentally friendly building at an early stage of design. In the first stage, an attempt was made to identify the optimal form for energy consumption. Secondly, by integrating the BIM-LCA method, the analysis of different building materials (facade, floor, ceiling, insulation) was performed to select materials with the lowest carbon emissions. In the third step, the difference between the use of steel or concrete in the building skeleton was investigated in terms of environmental load. Annual calculations of energy consumption in the air-conditioning (heating and cooling) sector among 27 volumes with different height characteristics showed that the building has less energy consumption in an annual cycle in Tehran climate with increasing floor area in the center. This study showed that BIM-LCA integration is an optimal way to achieve sustainable building and environmental protection. The results showed that at the material level, deck concrete had the highest effect on carbon emissions and global warming. It is also recommended to use steel instead of concrete for the skeleton and concrete panels instead of the Tehran climate brick to reduce carbon emissions.
