چكيده به لاتين
Natural ventilation has long been used in buildings as one of the most important cooling methods. In the modern era, the prevalence of air-conditioning systems has led to the design of isolated buildings. As a result, natural ventilation is no longer utilized. In the 1970s, the energy crisis and the emergence of environmental problems gave rise to a renewed focus on renewable energy resources including cooling through natural ventilation. From the other hand, problems posed for students’ health, reduction of efficiency as well as decrease of indoor air quality, which is mainly due to the use of well-known air-conditioning systems, have resulted in a greater tendency to use natural ventilation. Today, designing buildings with natural ventilation requires theoretical foundations and rigorous studies based on new knowledge so as to investigate the feasibility of application as well as design of components and equipment related to natural ventilation. Although there has been a good background in utilizing natural ventilation in buildings in Iran, in contemporary time, no practical research has been conducted concerning the use of natural ventilation in designing buildings, especially school buildings. In fact, most studies have been merely descriptive reports and practical solutions were rarely proposed. Since the largest proportion of energy of the world is consumed for cooling and heating buildings, it is significantly necessary to conduct applied researches on natural ventilation, especially in relation to urban design and building architectural design. On the other hand, because of the wide range of relevant fields, it is necessary to limit the scope of the research and determine the variables based on the objectives of the research. This dissertation aims to provide design strategies for architects to build energy-efficient schools that benefit from natural ventilation. Most previous researches have focused on the impact of sunlight on buildings and a few of them have been devoted to investigate the influence of ventilation in particular in schools. In addition to what was mentioned regarding ventilation, we are faced with the function of semi-open spaces, especially when used for active and collective events like schools and the necessity of integrating semi-open spaces with closed spaces which are somehow forgotten. This study attempts to establish a relationship between semi-open spaces and ventilation and aims to pay more attention to semi-open spaces used as energy efficient elements.
Based on the existing literature, the parameters of form and depth of semi-open spaces are selected as the most important factors effective in reducing energy consumption. In order to achieve the objectives, various research methods and tools including library studies, comparative studies, case studies and computer simulations were used at each stage of the research and the final analysis of the data was performed using statistical methods and logical reasoning. According to the results of this study, after choosing the rectangular shape as the optimal form of cooling and heating energy consumption in the building, the researchers observed the significant influence of ventilation on reducing the internal temperature if the windows were open compared to the windows closed. Moreover, as the depth of the semi-open space increased, the indoor temperature perceived by the individual decreased. The results of software analysis demonstrated that this decrease in temperature was due to the reduction of direct sunlight.
