چكيده به لاتين
In recent years, increasing attention has been attracted to the agri-food supply chain due to the ever-increasing demand on quality and availability of nutrients. One of the most complicated decisions on the agri-food supply chain is how to produce and when to cultivate and harvest perishable products such as fruits and vegetable. Perishable agricultural products are more risky and vulnerable than the other agricultural products. This study focuses on fresh agricultural such as tomato and pepper. Thus, it aims to introduce an novel integrated mathematical model of the agri-food supply chain that involves two levels of tactical decision-making such as cultivation, and operations decision-making such as harvest scheduling and products distribution. The proposed model considers simultaneously cultivation and harvesting to make the problem seem more realistic. The chain is typically influenced by uncertain environmental. In this paper, the proposed new novel characterizes parameter uncertainty based on Z-number which has a higher level of ability to describe real world condition. However, even with the reduced uncertainty at the short-term planning level, there are uncontrollable factors affecting decisions, such as abrupt market fluctuations and product performance and maturity which are substantially dependent on the climate. This study proposed a bi-objective integrated model with the objectives of total chain profit and consideration of social aspects by simultaneously taking into account cultivation and the harvest pattern. Then, the problem is solved by applying centroid method, fuzzy numbers ranking technique, and the TH interactive method. In this research we used real data and information. It was concluded that the more certain the model, the smaller the decisions and the lower yet more realistic the chain profit will be. According to the selected products and the conditions of the issue, including shipping time and storage in warehouses, distributions and consumers, there is no need to use the air transport fleet. We conclude that the shorter the shelf life of the product, the greater the use of the road fleet due to shorter delivery times than rail transport. Considering the selected products and the conditions of the problem, including the shipping time and storage time in warehouses and their distributors and their distances from the customer, there is no need to use air freight fleet. Also, we concluded that: the shorter the life of the product, the greater the use of road transport due to shorter delivery times than rail transport. As it can be seen, the overall of planting and harvesting costs in the centralized model is improved by 0.2 percent over the decentralized model. Further, it can be seen that the profit function in the centralized model also improved by 1.8% compared to the decentralized one. Therefore, the integrated model presented in this research can be considered as more profitable than the decentralized planning.
