چكيده به لاتين
Surveillance is one of the most important elements in environmental design. This is an issue that is considered in the early stages of design and can play an important part in the quality of designed environments.There have been some researches on the role and effect of surveillance in urban environments. However, solutions that effectively and accurately help the design of buildings and their layout in the urban environment have received less attention and are related to the design stage in a qualitative manner. surveillance at the early stages of design still needs more attention, but only a small number of designers are taking this issue seriously. One of the reasons for this gap is the lack of research that offers methods to calculate surveillance. In this regard, theorists have come up with qualitative solutions, or have simply measured the surveillance of existing samples. They have paid less attention to the precise solutions to help the designer in the early stages of design. Also, many of the studies that focused on the role of surveillance on mass reduction have addressed the issue of lighting rather than design. Another topic that designers pay special attention to in the early stages of design is privacy and the observance of visual boundaries inside and outside of the design. In contrast to the decisions made at the end of the design process, those made in the early stages of the process have a greater impact on the final result. Accordingly, it is necessary to find solutions in which we can follow the concept of the spatial layout by using quantitative tools. The present study investigates the effects of the spatial layout and uses the genetic algorithm to analyze the goals of monitorability and privacy, one of the differences with similar studies is the examination of the parametric model in the pre-design stage. The design of a mid-rise residential complex in Tehran is considered as a prototype. The research method was used in the two stages: the first stage includes library studies and extraction of quantitative models of surveillance and privacy, in which the concepts of surveillance, privacy, optimization, and the relation among the three are discussed. The second step includes designing an appropriate algorithm to produce different layouts, i.e. the method of placing the blocks in the land, designing objective functions algorithms, which includes surveillance and privacy, and then, the optimization stage using genetic algorithm, which makes up all of the field surveys. Finally, obtaining a set of 15 arrangements as the initial options in the layout of the blocks is an achievement of this study which is provided to the designer. Thermal maps extracted from the layouts in each option will be a good instrument to locate social spaces with high surveillance. Also, the thermal maps of the residential blocks will provide designers with very good tools for deciding on the layout of openings.
