چكيده به لاتين
Personality factors are among the root causes of human behavior and thus key factors in determining the driving behavior of drivers. Given the importance of this subject, this study aims to investigate the role of personality factors in causing aberrant driving behaviors among taxi drivers.
In this study, the four-component measure of the driving behavior including errors, ordinary violations, lapses and aggressive violations was determined as the Questionnaire of Driving Behavior for Taxi Drivers. In addition, several predictors of aberrant driving behaviors of taxi drivers were investigated. This phase of the study exhibited that variables such as age, marital status, annual mileage, number of daily trips, regular and aggressive offenses could partially predict the likelihood of accidents among drivers. In the next phase of the study, the underlying factor of personality and its role in traffic accidents and offenses were discussed. For this purpose, structural equation modeling was used, in which driving behavior factor was considered as a mediator between personality variables and accident risk. The use of smartphone motion sensors and visual observation checklists, as indicators of driving behaviors, were some of the innovations proposed in the second step of the study. In this stage, the association between some dimensions of five major personality factors and traffic accidents and offenses was unraveled through the mediating variable of driving behavior. The results of the study revealed that the three major personality factors (neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness) are significantly correlated with the risk of accidents. Finally, in the third stage, the personality factor as well as attitudes towards traffic laws were considered as primary variables in the model. At this stage, the relevant rules box was extracted by creating a fuzzy inference system based on the relationship of personality variables and the drivers' perspective with the motion acceleration generated within the taxi. Accordingly, 21 extracted rules suggest that drivers with a lower degree of emotion seeking who hold positive attitudes towards laws and regulations have a lower driving risk, though the effect of these factors varies depending on their age and experience.
Keywords: Personality, Aberrant driving behavior, Taxi drivers, Accidents' risk
