چكيده به لاتين
Human environment quality have been threatened in recent decades due to Population growth and increasing usage of resources. Urban deposited dust which contains different kinds of pollutants and is moving in urban environment frequently by resuspension and deposition has received lots of attention as an important issue in urban environmental management but to date no indices has been introduced to assess urban dust pollution. Therefore, in this thesis dust pollution index (DPI) is introduced for the first time. For this purpose, the results of over 200 surveys in different countries of the world, as well as multivariate statistical methods and multi-criteria decision making principles have been used. Also 80 samples of Tehran’s deposited dust taken in different land-uses have been studied in order to investigate the performance of the developed index.
The calculated hazard indices for the average concentrations of 7 potentially toxic metals (PTMs) including As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu in Tehran’s urban dust were observed to be less than 1 which indicate negligible non-carcinogenic health risk. The ratio of the concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CPAHs) to the concentration of 16 priority PAHs in commercial, residential, industrial and green land-uses were found to be 37%, 28%, 24% and 8%, respectively. High potential cancer risk due to PAHs contaminated dust exposure was determined for Tehran’s residents in all four land-uses except for green lands. The results indicate that the developed dust pollution index (DPI) which classifies urban dust contamination into five categories is a cumulative index with acceptable sensitivity and reliability. Based on DPI index very high dust pollution were estimated in commercial, industrial and residential land-uses. Green land-use was classified in low pollution category.
