چكيده به لاتين
As the centers of accumulation of material and human investment, cities become the main targets during the man-made threats; meanwhile the urbanization process is on the rise in Iran so that currently about 75% of Iran’s population is urban. on the other hand, 13% of all urban areas consist of decayed textures, so that 15% 0f the whole population lives in these areas. Due to the numerous problems in design, form, construction and location, many residential buildings and textures of Iran’s cities are vulnerable during the natural and man-made crises leading to increase in casualties and financial losses. These residential textures cause many difficulties such as building decay, texture compression, improper and narrow arteries and evincing increment of vulnerability, casualties and financial losses. Evin is one of the decayed residential textures of Tehran. Passive defense measures can decrease possible damage to these textures during the crises and result in preserving the existing capital and values. The main aim of this paper is designing and organizing the decayed texture of Evin neighborhood of Tehran using the approach of passive defense. On this base, the risk assessment was performed on 7 neighborhood unit blokes of Evin; in the long run, regarding the results of the risk assessment, some strategies were proposed as the systems of movement and access, safety and security, social, public arena, use, physical and passive defense in order to reduce the risk of the neighborhood to recovery and reorganize it. Eventually, in respect of passive defense requirements to design the neighborhood unit blocks of Evin and residential apartments and houses, after gathering a series of researches and presenting the design requirements in three sections as architectural studies, structural studies and facilities studies, the principles and rules of design were derived and produced in accordance with the passive defense requirements.
