چكيده به لاتين
Microorganisms, especially bacteria, are among the most important pathogens in humans, animals, and crops, destroying tissue, decomposing, and spoiling food. Therefore, antibiotics are very important in the fight against infectious diseases caused by bacteria, but the flexibility of bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics has affected global health. Therefore, the development of new antibiotics is of great clinical importance. Interestingly, metal oxides and hydroxides have been shown to promise alternatives to antibiotics. These particles target important cellular organs and several important bacterial biomolecules, making it very difficult for bacteria to resist them. Our aim in this study was to synthesize cadmium oxide and cadmium hydroxide particles in the presence of carrageenan packing agent using chemical precipitation method in liquid phase with the help of sodium borohydride and lithium borohydride reducing agents and their antibacterial properties on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results show that the synthesized particles have high antibacterial activity and their morphology is affected by their antibacterial properties. Also, by examining the effect of various factors such as changing the concentration of reactive substances, reducing the type of reducing salt and the effect of oxygen and argon atmosphere, it was found that the two mechanisms of etching and kirkendall are effective in controlling particle size and morphology. Examination of the structure of caparacaragan supramolecules in the presence of potassium ions using the DFT computational method proved the interaction of carrageenans through the hydroxyl and sulfate groups with potassium ions. Changes in the structure of carrageenan indicate that it is podand and the ability to act as a capping agent. Finally, the electrical conductivity of cadmium oxide and cadmium hydroxide particles was investigated.