چكيده به لاتين
The water crisis in the world and especially in Iran is a serious matter. A crisis that may turn into the migration of millions of people and even civil and international wars, but we are still silence about the risks that are heading to us in Iran. This lack of attention is while during a research, by 2040, Iran will be the 13th country among 33 countries in terms of water shortage. This crisis is so severe that in the deprived areas of southern Iran, such as Sistan-Baluchestan and the cities of the Central Plateau, there are many villagers evacuating due to water shortage problems, while there where many solutions in the past and nowadays in ancient Iran and other countries. In the past, there were water resources in these areas, such as rainwater, seasonal rivers, wetlands, etc., which most of them are now dried up, that were collected by methods such as roofs of reservoirs, hotak, etc. Today, it is possible to help solve this crisis by using modern science and technological methods. These methods can be divided into two general categories, methods at the architectural scale and methods at the macro level of management. The methods currently used in these deprived areas are specific and limited water tankers that do not meet their needs and even in many areas are left completely without strategies.
In this study, by reviewing the researches done on the issue of water, approaches done in existing resource management and water consumption can be generally divided into into four main categories: 1- Reducing consumption, 2- Reuse, 3- Recycling resources, 4- Reproduction of water from sources such as air humidity, which these methods can be implemented in different scales, whether large, urban, local or at the level of urban blocks, which due to the fact that larger scales are outside the scope of an architect or architecture job , the urban block scale has been considered. After extracting the different methods, according to the climate, culture, economic issues and in general the existing conditions in the project, the appropriate ways are evaluated and selected for the current subject. At this stage, approaches are divided into three categories: adaptable, non - adaptable and adaptable in case of changes. Finally, by estimates done by the available per - capita and formulas, the efficiency of the designed cycle is discussed. A three-storey block with 12 users located in the city of Chabahar, according to the per -capita provided by the Ministry of Energy, consumes about 657 cubic meters of water per year. With the help of reducing consumption equipment installed in the valves of the shower, etc. this number can be reduced to 20% and become 526 cubic meters. About 320 cubic meters of this amount is converted into gray water, which can be returned to the cycle with the help of the provided filtrations. On the other hand, the amount of water that can be obtained with the help of rain is about 17 cubic meters per year. Also the water from the metal meshes located in the facade of the building that absorb air humidity, are about 407 cubic meters according to the area and efficiency.
The results of the above calculations show that with the comprehensive use of water management systems, not only can the water consumption of the complex be supplied, but also a significant number can be added to the urban network annually. Of course, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that this number does not mean that the collection does not need the urban water network on all days of the year. Due to the fact that humidity, temperature and rainfall are effective in these calculations, in some seasons, a global network may be required.
