چكيده به لاتين
Affordable housing has become a global concern in recent decades. At present, some countries have met or adjusted this need, and some countries are still struggling with it. In order to be able to afford suitable housing for all sections of society, it is necessary to reduce the costs of providing housing to a great extent. In this regard, many efforts and policies have been made so far, many of which were in the field of financial and economic support. But in the meantime, it seems that in addition to fiscal policy, there are also solutions in the field of housing design, construction and operation. On the other hand, due to the high share of construction costs in the housing supply process, it is important to find mechanisms to reduce costs in this sector. The middle class, which comprises a larger percentage of the population and is able to provide housing to some extent, may therefore be able to access adequate housing by reasonably reducing housing costs. Therefore, the present study intends to reduce the cost of providing housing for the middle class by analyzing and examining strategies to reduce construction costs and by providing an appropriate model. In this study, first concepts such as affordability housing and various methods of providing housing in Iran and their policies have been described and studied. Then, the background of global experiences and researches in the field of affordable housing through reducing construction costs has been done. In the following, the concepts, housing construction costs and factors affecting it and housing construction costs are defined, as a result of which construction costs were classified into three stages: hardening, joinery and facilities. In addition to this classification, it was observed that each of these categories includes cost factors on materials, manpower and equipment and machinery. Therefore, these three factors were used to examine strategies to reduce housing costs. Solutions in this field were collected using library studies, which after summarizing and analyzing them, strategies were obtained that can be used to reduce the cost of housing construction. The strategies obtained included proper planning and scheduling before the start of the project and its maximum observance during the construction process, use of capacities inside and closer to the site, simplification in the design and implementation phase. Also, from the results of reviewing housing policies and experiences in the country and abroad, it was concluded that to reduce the cost of housing construction, it is necessary to have a comprehensive and different view of this issue. Therefore, while observing different and comprehensive strategies and strategies, a model for providing affordable housing was presented, which includes the construction of housing in a gradual way. Cost reduction strategies have also been used to determine its characteristics.
