چكيده به لاتين
Today, Iran needs more than one million housing units annually to meet its current housing demand. Whereas, housing in Iran has become more of a commercial merchandise in which the economy plays a more prominent role than a shelter that meets basic human needs. With the experience of annual inflation and economic shocks in the in recent years, the housing market has faced a large price shock in the capital. Research has shown that the density of vacant residential complexes in the capital is mostly related to the north and northwest, which the main problem in this is the incompatibility between consumer needs and the house provided and also the economic level of the target community.
The housing productivity strategies in the south and east of Tehran for the construction of med-rise and high-rise apartments were examined. They showed that the strategies are inefficient with many problems and consequences. In the world, their response to housing productivity is to use different approaches, including high-speed mass production solutions such as prefabrication methods. In Iran, this type of construction method is not used for various reasons, including earthquakes, transportation methods, etc., which ultimately all increase the final construction costs and are non-adaptabile with the existing context.
In this study, the aim is to replace the non-adaptable aspects of prefabrication methods in Iran with adaptable technologies in order to achieve a model that has an efficient construction method in accordance with the level of socio-economic construction in these provinces. The main goal is to achieve a Typology of residential architecture adapted with the level of socio-economic construction in the south, east and center of Tehran, that has a prefabrication approach focusing on transportation problems (which are predicted as the main factors of non-adaptability with these areas). Based on this system as a prototype for an efficient construction method for the middle class society, studies were done thoroughly in order to achieve this goal.
For this purpose, the existing methods, including universal industrial construction methods and current conventional methods, were collected and reviewed by the library method. After the studies, the factors 1. Time 2. Building efficiency 3. Materials 4. Cost 5. Construction method 6. Labor 7. Design 8. Transportation, in relation to the field of prefabrication were found. Each of them includes features that are evaluated according to the existing context, economical construction conditions and design goals. After the evaluations, according to these factors, the features are divided into two categories: adaptable and non-adaptable, which determine the main approaches that can be used in the project. These approaches are: “domestic and light materials, transportation with available machines, flexible design, increasing the construction labor and reducing heavy machines, sustainability and energy efficiency, familiar construction methods for the workforce and dismantable structure connections and construction management done with parallel work.”
Due to the existing context, in the southern and central areas of Tehran, we are facing problems with urban infrastructures and access to the site that makes the using of large cranes carrying prefabricated components and their construction process impossible. In order to create economical construction, it can be suggested to have a system as a material hoist inside the building that work like a lift that can be dismantled and reconnected again as it rises through the building. Also, for building prefabricated components, it is possible to use slip forming systems used in concrete constructions design concept by making changes in its climbing methodconstruction deck and placing the finishing over hanged deck in a new way that is adaptable with the existing structure.
Finally, according to the selected approaches, used materials and construction method, the details of the project are explained. All the principles derived from library studies and the results of scientific research related to the adaptation of prefabrication for Tehran’s context, to improve the housing crisis in this area, have been effective in the project process. This prototype is compatible with the context and improves the method and construction management to at last increase productivity.
