چكيده به لاتين
Resilience is currently a major concern in supply chains. This issue stems from the globalization of supply chains and its goal is to deal with different types of disorders. Such disturbances must be properly controlled, and the tools that can be used to support supply chain decisions must be used properly. Hence, the scientific community proposes several methods to deal with these disruptions. Meanwhile, the issue of using resilience in reverse supply chains is of great importance due to the increasing growth of reverse chains and logistic reverse flows. Because of the increasing production of various goods and products, the shortening of the product life cycle and the growing trend of consumerism, especially in advanced societies, the disposal of used products at the end of their life in the environment, It has caused many environmental problems, it has increased. On the other hand, the desire of managers to create an optimal reverse flow in which the amount of profit is maximized has led to measures for reverse supply chain flows to reduce the damage caused by disturbances and problems related to uncertainty. resilience as a set of solutions to deal with supply chain disorders can be measured in different quantitative and qualitative methods and optimized using various mathematical methods. To prevent breakdowns in reverse supply chains. Besides, in today's competitive industries, one of the major challenges for reverse flow supply chains is the collection of returned goods. Because the collection process can incur heavy costs for delays and supply of obsolete goods needed on the supply chain. On the other hand, activities performed in the production process in reverse supply chains are sometimes less costly than activities performed in forward supply chains to produce similar goods. From what has been said, it can be seen that reverse supply chains due to the existing gaps in the field of returned goods, despite legal protections to protect the environment, increase customer awareness of the importance of conserving natural resources and some considerations in terms of costs. And profitability can also have several competitive advantages over different types of supply chains in the sales market of a product. In fact, the increasing attention of researchers and artisans to issues related to sustainable development, as well as competition between stakeholder supply chains, has forced them to use incentive methods such as adding reverse flows to gain more market share .
In this paper, after reviewing the literature on the issue of resistance in supply chains and identifying the gap in the literature on this issue, we have designed an inverse supply chain despite the uncertainty in demand and also the uncertainty in the structure of the model. In the reverse supply chain under study, two types of operations are performed, reproduction and recycling, and two types of final products are produced. This supply chain consists of four sections: collection, reproduction, separation and recycling, in which a kind of hospital device is first assembled in the collection section to the parts of reproduction (devices that are suitable for reuse) and Isolation (devices that are out of order but some of their parts can be used in the reproduction process) should be sent. Due to the uncertainty in demand and the coefficient of entry of collected goods to the reproduction and recycling sectors in real examples in this paper, first the supply chain is examined in the form of a stochastic model and then using a robust planning modeling approach. Done. The robust planning approach used is the Mulvey, Vanderbei, and Zenios approach (Mulvey, Vanderbei, and Zenios 1995) in which it is
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important to obtain the coefficients of the penalty function to achieve the best answer. Therefore, different states of these coefficients have been investigated and the best value according to the conditions has been considered in the model. Next, the model of supply chain of reproduction (in case all the collected goods are sent to the reproduction department) in the competitive sales market is examined. For this purpose, first the competition of the product reproduction chain in a Stockholm competition with the market retailers is examined, and then a multi-leader multi-follower game in the competitive sales market between the reproduction reverse supply chain and a direct supply chain producing the same product as leaders and Two retail outlets are examined as followers using the KKT method.
Finally, in order to validate the model, real data related to a supply chain of a reproduction of a medical product have been used. The results of numerical studies show some insightful observations with respect to the supply chain decision variables under study in both cases. In the final part of the dissertation, suggestions for future scientific research are presented.
