چكيده به لاتين
Batteries as an electrochemical energy storage device have been widely used in various devices. Among the types of batteries, their secondary type has a high energy capacity and density, and of course it can be regenerated, which is much more desirable than primary batteries, and therefore as electrochemical power sources in modern equipment such as mobile phones. , Laptops and electric vehicles are used. In the meantime, the recovery of these batteries is also important both ecologically and economically, so many different tools are used to calculate the environmental impact of different systems. To quantify the environmental effects of some electrical products, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been selected as a suitable tool to calculate these effects.
In the present study, the life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries with LiCoO2 cathode in order to protect the environment (since this type of battery is widely used in industry) is investigated.
(Comprehensive software and SimaPro 8 have been used to evaluate the recycling process of worn out lithium-ion batteries in this research. ReCiPe Endpoint2016 and widely used model)
In this research, two types of lithium-ion battery recycling processes used in two different companies have been used. These processes include recycling 1 ton of worn-out lithium-ion batteries based on the hydrometallurgical process and the other based on the combined hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical process. In both cathode processes used in the battery, lithium cobalt oxide, liquid electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate and polymer, polyethylene oxide are considered.
Using the mentioned software, these results were obtained for both processes: in the recycling process based on the process of hydrometallurgy, environmental effects, production and recovery of cobalt 53%, production of alloys of copper, aluminum and nickel (non-ferrous compounds) 20% carbonate recovery Lithium 16%, calcium carbonate 6%, sulfuric acid recovery 2%, electricity consumption 2%, iron recovery 1% and water consumption compounds, gypsum and lime consumption are less than 0.5% (this amount has been ignored). To be.
On the other hand, recovery of non-ferrous compounds, recovery and production of cobalt and recovery of lithium carbonate have the greatest impact on human health, ecosystems and resources in this process, respectively, and also on human health with 93%, ecosystem with 6% and resources with 1%, respectively. Lays.
In the recycling process based on the combined process of hydrometallurgy-pyrometallurgy, environmental effects of 42% ferronickel recovery, 27% cobalt production and recovery, 13% spent lithium ion battery recovery, 7% lithium carbonate recovery, 6% lithium hexafluorophosphate recovery, 4% electricity generation 3%, 2% sulfuric acid recovery, 1% aluminum recovery and 0.1% water consumption.
On the other hand, production of ferronickel, production and recycling of cobalt and recovery of lithium carbonate and recovery of lithium hexafluorophosphate have the greatest impact on human health, ecosystem and resources in this recycling process, respectively. Slightly affects.
By comparing the two processes, as expected, the recycling method based on the combined process of hydrometallurgy-pyrometallurgy in all environmental indicators and also in the three indicators of impact on human health, ecosystem and resources (respectively) compared to the recycling method based on hydrometallurgical process. Delivers more to the environment.
On the other hand, after seeing the environmental effects of the liquid electrolyte of lithium hexafluorophosphate on the battery, assuming the other components of the battery are stable and also their weight percentage, as an alternative to the liquid electrolyte 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate used in acetone dissolved in acetone. We were able to see the effect of replacing this component of the battery.
Using the software, it was found that the environmental effects of the three indicators affecting human health, ecosystems and resources in lithium ion batteries with liquid electrolyte of lithium hexafluorophosphate are more than the electrolyte of liquid 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate in acetone.
