چكيده به لاتين
If we consider having shelter as one of the most basic needs of human beings, it is necessary to provide adequate housing for all social classes; however, many low-income people have failed to obviate this vital need. In the last decades, especially after World War II, the government has been trying to tackle this issue by building supportive housing, such as social housing, for low-income and disadvantaged people. In the late 20th century, after decades of providing social housing and other forms of Subsidized housing for accommodating the poor, researchers have realized that this type of housing gives rise to poverty concentration, decreased life opportunities for both children and adults, and urban decay. Hence, from the 1990s, novel urban policies in developed countries have altered toward the implementation of social mix policies and the development of mixed-income housing, aiming to address problems associated with the concentration of disadvantaged people in social housing such as high rate of crime, anti-social behaviors, etc. However, an ongoing problem of social mix policies has always been the limited social interaction across social classes or incomes levels, so the deprived individuals fail to benefit from such interaction. The aim of this research is to study the worldwide evolution of policies adopted to provide adequate housing for low-income ones, the social, tenure, and income mix approaches, and to examine the experiences of diverse countries in this field. In addition, this study identifies the most significant indicators for the creation of sustainable mixed-income housing and the enhancement of social interaction between different social and income groups. A combination research method has been used in this study; data gathering has been done through library studies, and the Delphi and survey methods have been utilized in order to test the research hypothesis. Using the Delphi method, presenting a questionnaire to 15 experts in the field of architecture and urban planning, the most important indicators of mixed-income housing were identified and a systematic structure was provided for them. Then, for identifying the most effective determinants of social interaction, the residential complex of Kavir Neighborhood in the city of Yazd, Iran, was chosen as the case study and statistical population. 37 out of 52 residential units were selected using a simple randomization procedure and the samples were provided with a survey questionnaire. In the next step, data analysis was performed with SPSS, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha test respectively (α= 0.82). After analyzing the data, we found that if the proposed income deciles and socio-individual characteristics of residents in mixed-income housing are appropriately selected, it is bound to enhance the social interaction of a community to achieve balanced, viable, and sustainable development. Also, creating spaces in order to increase the participation of residents in group activities and the possibility of their participation in management decision making, enhancing the quality of facilities and welfare services in residential complexes, paying attention to management policies and regulations, promoting the residents' sense of belonging, and ultimately increasing spatial proximity and integration of different social classes can lead to the enhancement of social interaction.
