چكيده به لاتين
The water shortage crisis, which is especially acute in the Middle East and the importance of concrete and concrete structures in the industry and economy of any country, especially developing countries, has led many countries to use water resources wisely. Accordingly, in the context of this research, an attempt was made to study and improve the framework of gray water use and the mechanism of its use. In this study, 130 samples were designed based on 14 mixed designs that included 6 water qualities: distilled, raw gray, refined, simulator containing organic and salt content and gray and contained 0, 10 and 20% zeolite and 8% silica fume. By performing compressive strength tests of 7, 28 and 56 days and setting time test, first the feasibility and impact of using gray water as mixed water is determined and then using durability tests, including expansion due to sulfate attack, ion penetration Chloride, ultrasonic and SEM images Durability of samples containing gray water was tested and finally results of all these tests were used to find ways to improve the performance of gray water in concrete. The results of explained experiments showed that the use of gray water in concrete did not always cause a decrease in strength, in fact treated gray water showed a good performance with an increase of 0.8 to 2% at the ages of 56 and 28 days, respectively. The results of durability tests showed that the use of gray water as mixing water will not have a significant effect on changing the durability of concrete. In the following studies, the presence of destructive organic matter and salt were determined as the main reasons for the decrease in strength of 7 to 9% due to the use of gray water in concrete, although contrary to what is expected, the use of raw gray water was allowable according to many famous standards such as ASTM and Iran’s national standard. In order to reduce the negative impact of gray water as a mix water, pozzolanic materials including silica fume and zeolite were used. Based on the results, although the positive effect of zeolite is in a haze of ambiguity, but samples containing silica fume performed very well by Showing an increase of 6 to 16% at 56 and 28 days of age, respectively, in compressive strength, and also samples with zeolite showed better durability with a 36% reduction in chloride ion permeability.
