چكيده به لاتين
According to the literature studied in the field of coordination of supply chains that identifies research needs and gaps in this field, in this research, we are looking for solutions to coordinate decisions in a decentralized chain, in which, all decisions are influenced by the different characteristics of the phases of the product life cycle. That is why the key decisions of the chain including price, sales effort, and collection effort are considered time-dependent. By progressing in modeling and solving the mentioned problems, it will be possible to investigate and analyze the effect of the life cycle of products in the coordination process, and thus the efficiency of different coordination mechanisms under the influence of these characteristics will be determined. In addition, the most important challenges in coordination such as the appropriate selection for the properties of each phase of the life cycle, the best time to conclude a contract between chain members during the lifetime, and also the best time to conclude a contract, which in itself determines the optimal duration of the contract, the efficiency of each actor in the coordination process under the influence of the product life cycle performance, and the possibility or impossibility of achieving perfect coordination in the presence of the life cycle effect, are all things that can be investigated and evaluated in the upcoming study. Following the explanations provided and the research gap identified in the literature, two fundamental models with the stated objectives will be presented. In the first model, it is considered that the life cycle of the hypothetical supply chain product is short (such as mobile phones, clothes, toys, etc.). For this reason, only one coordination mechanism is created from the beginning to the end of the life cycle. This type of coordination will also be referred to as long-term or "introduction to decline" coordination. On the opposite, you see that a hypothetical supply chain model has a product with a long life cycle (such as a refrigerator, washing machine, TV, car, etc.) that is sufficient for localization at the beginning of each opportunity. There is an update of the initial proposal applied according to the characteristics of the changes of the same phase. Therefore, in this action model, a separate contract will be implemented in each phase, which will improve the short-term coordination or "phase by phase". In the first model, the coordination tool is a contract with a two-part tariff contract and a common collection cost mechanism, which happens and works optimally in the entire chain, but it will not necessarily be effective separately in each phase. In the second model, three independent incentive schemes including a two-tariff contract, enhanced sales rebate, and the collaborative mathematical model have been adopted to create the second coordination, and the use of all of them is effective and creates complete coordination in the chain in each of the phases.
