چكيده به لاتين
Due to the fact that in the industry and especially industrial equipment in the field of glassware production, the issue of lubrication has a significant contribution in providing a better and higher quality product and the preparation of foreign samples also involves a lot of cost; It was decided to produce a product similar to foreign samples. The purpose of this research is to briefly review foreign production lubricants and make a similar domestic sample. Since the low cost of materials on an industrial scale and choosing a convenient and easy process are other main goals in an industrial project, most of the materials were prepared and purchased on an industrial scale and the easiest process was used. In this research, lubricating oil (dibutyl phthalate DBP) was made with graphite additive. First, in order to produce a similar foreign sample, the particle size of foreign lubricants was evaluated. SEM and EDAX analysis were used to observe the particle size and the presence of impurities in the prepared graphite and external sample. During two separate processes (adding surfactant to graphite and functionalizing graphite oxide), the dispersion of graphite in DBP was investigated. To keep graphite stable in organic solvent, first by ball milling in CCl4 solvent environment and then individually in DBP at different hours and with different size and number of balls (diameter 1.5 cm, ball to powder ratio 1:2-1:3 -1:4 and in 4, 5, 9, 15 hours) the particle size decreased and the same result was obtained with the foreign sample; Thus, with 12 large and small balls (mixed) and 4 and 12 hours of grinding, a product similar to Rocol spray was obtained (particle size 2-4 microns), with 5 small-large balls and 5 and 9 hours of grinding, a product similar to Condat and Kleenmold oil was obtained (particle size 5-10 micron). It should be noted that the purchased graphite had a particle size of 6-8 microns and with only 12 balls for grinding, the process of crushing and changing the size of graphite particles occurred. After grinding, the graphite was layered with the help of ultrasonic and stabilizing agents (such as adding surfactant to graphite). Among the 7 types of selected surfactants with 3 different concentrations, finally 3 types of surfactants (Stearic acid, Palmitic acid and Span60) showed stable results. On the other hand, graphite was first oxidized and then functionalized to improve stability in DBP. Thus, graphite oxide was first synthesized by Hummers method and functional groups similar to oil compounds were added to graphite oxide using Aniline, 1,8 Naphthalene diamine and SDBS. To show the correctness of the work, FTIR analysis was used to show bonds and interactions. Next, Raman analysis was used to confirm the placement of surfactants between graphite layers. XRD analysis was used to show the change of distance between graphite layers (d-spacing) for graphite and stearic acid and oil samples, which did not have a favorable result (due to the short ultrasonic time). Finally, stable samples (sample containing span60 with two amounts of 0.2 and 0.5 grams)-(sample containing Stearic acid with two amounts of 0.5 grams)-(sample containing Palmitic acid with two amounts of 0.2 and 0.5 grams) for more than 30 days without sediment remained. Graphite oxide samples that were functionalized did not show stability and precipitated in a shorter time than the control sample.
