حسام فتحي سقالكساري

In recent years, the rural housing of Gilan plain, due to the architectural developments of the country and due to the close distance between the villages and cities of this area, has distanced itself from the vernacular rural architecture and has undergone fundamental transformations. Although these developments are inevitable due to socio-cultural changes, modification of livelihood methods, etc., the abandonment of vernacular architecture has caused problems such as the incompatibility of contemporary housing with the climate, environment, living conditions and lifestyle of villagers. The objectives of the current research are to identify the components affecting the architecture of rural vernacular housing in Gilan plain, to assessment the state of contemporary housing in this area in response to contemporary needs, and to compare vernacular and contemporary housing in this area based on the extracted components. The research method of the present study is hybrid. Literature review was done using descriptive-analytical method. The assessment of the extracted components in Gilan plain was done through the survey and case study method using a questionnaire developed by the researcher and distributed among 100 architectural experts. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was proved. Items and components have been analyzed using Friedman's test. Survey and case study methods were also used to extract the contemporary needs of villagers in relation to housing. For this purpose, samples were selected from the rural houses of Gilan plain and a semi-structured interview was conducted with the residents of each house. This process continued until the data saturation point was reached, and a total of 14 houses from the three districts of west, center and east of Gilan plain were assessmented. At the end, the situation of contemporary rural housing in Gilan plain was investigated based on the factors affecting vernacular housing in this area through comparative analogy, and rules were formulated for the design of the components of contemporary rural houses. The results of the research show that a number of issues in contemporary housing are as important as in vernacul housing. One of the cases of "use of local materials" is going on in a different way in the construction of contemporary houses. The heavy rain in this area has caused contemporary houses to have "preparations against rain penetration" as in the past. Also, "reducing the cost of construction" due to the financial limitations of villagers and paying attention to "vegetable production spaces" in contemporary housing is of interest as in the past. In addition to the above, some issues in contemporary housing are not realized or weakened in contrast to the housing of the past. These items include "Compatibility with the integrated appearance of the village", "No air pollution", "Using the favorable wind (due to the increase in density and the introduction of cooling equipment)" and "Using materials with heat capacity suitable for the climate (due to the preva‎lence of materials with high heat capacity)". Also, in the present era, some issues such as "proportion of space dimensions with function", "providing sufficient number of rooms" and "resistance of materials against climatic conditions" have been taken into consideration due to the advancement of technology and social conditions in contemporary housing unlike in the past. "The need for privacy in contemporary homes" has become more prominent than before due to the increase in density. In the end, it can be said that "management of water resources and sewage " due to the abundance of rain and rivers and "adjacent of related spaces" due to the introduction of patterns incompatible with rural life, are neglected in the construction of contemporary housing as in the past.

مسكن معاصر روستايي , مسكن بومي روستايي , جلگه گيلان , نياز ساكنين معاصر روستايي , راهكارهاي طراحي معماري

Contemporary rural housing , vernacular rural housing , Gilan plain , needs of contemporary rural residents , architectural design solutions

Hesam Fathi

Dr. Yazdanfar