چكيده به لاتين
Today, the large number of cars and the increase in fossil fuel consumption in them and the consequent increase in air pollution have forced mankind to use green and non-polluting energies in electric cars. One of the most important components of electric cars is the battery, which plays the main role in electric cars and the complementary role in hybrid cars. In hybrid and electric cars, lithium batteries have received more attention and use due to their high specific energy, high energy density, and low self-discharge rate. The main limitation in the technology of these types of batteries is the high dependence of their efficiency and life on temperature. Therefore, the existence of a thermal management system to control the temperature of battery cells, especially their cooling at high temperatures, is important and necessary. Battery cooling strategies are divided into three main categories: active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid cooling. In the active method, energy is used for cooling, like what is seen in water-cooled thermal management systems. In the passive method, cooling takes place without spending energy, such as using materials with high heat storage capacity, such as phase change materials, but these cooling systems are not controllable. In hybrid methods, the combination of the above two methods is used. Recently, intelligent control systems in cars have come with the help of thermal management systems, so that energy consumption and the production of carbon and pollutants are as low as possible. In this research, we are conducting an experimental study of a hybrid water-cooled thermal management system with phase change materials for the cells of a module, which tries not only battery thermal management but also reduce the cooling energy consumption for fan and pump. We show that by defining the control logic based on the temperature difference of the cells and the average temperature of the battery set and applying controller outputs to the fan and pump it is possible to maintaining the temperature parameters of a battery set and save up to 30% in cooling energy consumption.
