چكيده به لاتين
According to the definition of the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, which is one of the basic rights of every human being. Cities and the process of urbanization are the link between the interaction between health and sustainability. Also, urban planning and health are inextricably linked. So that cities have evolved to effectively and efficiently deal with health and other security threats. A set of health challenges in cities related to population density, heat islands, access to clean drinking water, air pollution, noise pollution, crime, non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases), improper diet , inactivity, and the spread of infectious and contagious diseases are always considered as a major threat to the health system due to high population density. Many of these health risks are the result of increased population density, exposure to air pollution, decreased physical activity due to car dependence, increased access to unhealthy food choices, and lack of green space. Therefore, effective understanding of the health status of a city and recognizing the challenges of urban development in order to properly plan and organize the urban environment to prevent it has become a vital necessity. A brief description of the current conditions in the metropolis of Tehran shows the major weaknesses in the urban health system, which requires the recognition of the status of this system and its evaluation, as well as the analysis of its components and indicators with a pathological perspective. In this regard, this research aims to identify and extract the components and indicators of measuring urban health in a general sense in the world, measuring and analyzing the factors affecting urban health in a specific sense at the scale of the neighborhoods of Tehran metropolis. and presenting the framework and program for improving urban health indicators in Tehran metropolis was adopted. This research is practical in terms of its approach and its purpose is explanatory-prescriptive, which considered the factors affecting the issue and providing a solution. In this research, identifying and extracting the components and indicators affecting urban health in the general sense in the world was compiled by benefiting from reliable foreign and domestic document and library sources. In order to achieve the goals of the research, 7 factors and 22 specific indicators affecting urban health were used with the help of quantitative-qualitative methods including FANP model and cluster analysis to prioritize the selected indicators and rank the urban areas of Tehran based on the level of health. The results show that the seven factors of health-treatment facilities and facilities, safety and security situation, housing situation, public space facilities, health situation and family relations, cleanliness of space, pollution and environmental pollutants along with the indicators related to each of them have the highest percentage of explaining health. They have Tehran metropolis. Also, the areas and localities located in zones 9, 10, 11, 18, 17, 16, 20 have a high level of vulnerability in terms of health. The results of the cluster analysis indicate the similarity of the western and central regions in terms of health vulnerability. In the end, the model and framework of urban planning to promote urban health in Tehran metropolis is presented based on seven strategies and twenty two policies corresponding to the factors and components extracted from the research model that well define the health system in the metropolis. Based on the combined index score obtained from the research model, it is preferable to act with vulnerable areas that have a higher score of vulnerability.
