چكيده به لاتين
Due to the existence of multiple complexities, space industries use different models for innovation than manufacturing industries with small projects. Failure to use the open innovation model suitable and compatible with the complexities in the country's space industry leads to the reduction of effective innovation. Innovation is formed in the framework of organizations and in projects. In the current research, we seek to study the impact of the complexity of organizations and projects on innovation, especially on open innovation, and to know the types of innovation models used in complex systems, projects, and products, especially space systems. In this research, an attempt has been made to make a typology of the open innovation models of the world's space industries by using the meta-combination methodology and examining international reliable sources. Accurately understanding the type of open innovation needed by the country's space industry is a fundamental step in planning the move towards a developed space country.
In this research, based on the model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2006) to set research questions and objectives, systematically search for sources, review articles and related sources, extract information from articles, analyze and combine qualitative findings and extract selective codes, themes and categories and typology. Innovation models are discussed. Then, as a result of the identified sources, the open innovation model of the world's space industries is extracted and based on that, the initial proposed model for open innovation in the country's space industry is presented.
Finally, with the help of recognizing, categorizing and analyzing the open innovation models used by the world's space agencies and knowing the types used and taking the opinion of the experts of the country's aerospace organization, a new and indigenous model for the country's space industry will be presented.
In this research, finally, 68 optional codes, 25 categories and 5 key themes and 3 species extracted in the research are presented. Open innovation based on crowdsourcing, open innovation based on joint collaborations, and open innovation based on outsourcing are the types identified in this research. In this research, it was found that open innovation in leading space organizations is more based on the use of crowdsourcing to solve problems rather than solely on the basis of outsourcing. Emerging space organizations are also more likely to take advantage of joint collaborations with industry and academia rather than contracting independently with an industry or a university. Of course, the methods of open innovation mentioned in the species identified in the world's space agencies are not zero and one, but the extracted ones are the dominant methods. Due to the fact that space organizations have complex projects due to their nature and mission, therefore, in the literature review, examples and examples of complex projects and how to innovate and innovate in them have been discussed.
