چكيده به لاتين
The expansion of urbanization and the growth of the population of cities has increased the amount of housing demand, and as a result, it has caused an increase in the value of land, an increase in density in residential areas. Therefore, most of the houses that are designed with a minimal model of housing lack the necessary productivity in terms of space and their inability to properly respond to the needs of the residents is clear. In planning for this model, not much attention is paid to the demographic changes of the family unit over time. The result of neglecting it will be the indiscriminate relocation of households in the city in search of housing to meet the new demographic needs of the family. In the meantime, flexibility is proposed as an ability to respond to the needs related to family growth. In this regard, the expansibility component can be effective in the direction of climate stability by making adaptations or changes in the physical components of housing.The highest level of flexibility of the interior spaces is provided when they have the necessary light, radiant energy, and their energy consumption is reduced to the level of thermal comfort. In line with this argument, flexible buildings have little depth in plan (depth between 9-13 meters). It seems that one of the solutions to supply the necessary radiant energy and reduce energy consumption to the level of thermal comfort in residential apartments is to use the yard at a height. Considering that the expansibility component is one of the most appropriate methods of establishing flexibility in housing, the expansion of the interior space of the apartment in the courtyard is suggested as a model of flexible housing. Therefore, in the current research, in order to provide a expansible model that simultaneously improves the environmental components, the position and direction of the yard of the apartment units in Hamedan city at the cold climate was determined. In the current research method, using library studies, data was collected in the field of research keywords, and a qualitative summary was made in the form of presenting design solutions and a conceptual model of climatically expansible housing and 12 models of expansible housing design were proposed based on the different location of the yard. First the optimal orientation of the building and then the appropriate location of the yard in the apartment units have been simulated by Energy Plus software and its results were expressed as providing optimal models in every direction in terms of energy consumption and thermal comfort on the fourth floor of the building. In the other part, by integrating the optimal models in the form of 4 types of volumetric composition, to measure the quality of their design in terms of expansibility, energy consumption and thermal comfort with the help of the Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis (FAHP) method by presenting a questionnaire of experts as a two-by-two comparison with Each other was paid. The final result in the simulation section, in the form of presenting the best expansible model in every direction with the optimal location of the yard (in the NW and NE direction belongs to 'C' model. (east-west yard), in the SE direction belongs to 'B' model. (north-south yard), in the SW direction belonging to 'A' model. (yard in the corner)), before and after the development were compared and along with the 15% increase in infrastructure, a 57% decrease in yard area and a 5% per capita decrease in energy consumption along with a 6% per capita decrease in thermal comfort were obtained. Finally, the suitable and optimal volume composition derived from the hierarchical analysis (building with A+B+C model) was used as the final model of climate expansible housing in the design part. The results indicate that expansibility in the presented model has been associated with an increase in climate productivity.
