چكيده به لاتين
This research, the synthesis of the Nb2AlC MAX phase was carried out from the starting materials of Nb2O5, aluminum, and carbon with a molar ratio of 1:4.63:1 in a microwave oven. Initially, the powders were poured into a polyethylene container along with 96% volumetric ethanol, and ball milled using alumina balls with a weight ratio of 1:10 for 60 minutes. After mixing, the slurry was dried at 70°C and a stirring rate of 450 rpm using a hotplate stirrer and magnet for 8 hours to allow for complete evaporation of the ethanol. The synthesis process was carried out in the temperature range of 800 to 1300°C with three different dwell times (no dwell time, 1 hour, and 2 hours at the maximum temperature). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was employed for phase identification, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for studying morphology, particle size distribution, and microstructure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for determining surface elements and chemical bonds.Based on the analysis results, a temperature of 1200°C with a 2-hour dwell time at the maximum temperature was selected as the optimum condition. Subsequently, the acid leaching of the optimized sample was studied to obtain the Nb2C MAX phase. The sample was treated with a solution of HF and HCl acids and ammonium fluoride salt for 24 and 48 hours to obtain the Nb2C phase.The XRD and FESEM analyses of the acid-leached powder indicated the unsuccessful synthesis of Nb2C. Furthermore, the heavy metal ion adsorption property of the acid-leached powder was investigated for lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) ions. An aqueous solution containing chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate, lead(II) nitrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate salts was prepared, and 0.5 g of the acid-leached powder was added to the solution. The ionic adsorption was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The adsorption of metal ions onto the nanoparticle surface was determined by calculating the difference between the initial and final concentrations in the studied solution. The results showed that the highest adsorption was observed for lead, followed by chromium and copper ions, respectively
