چكيده به لاتين
This study investigates thermal efficiency of a Z-type battery thermal management system (BTMS), which consists of nine lithium-ion batteries discharged at a 5C rate utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Using Response surface methodology (RSM), two major performance parameters of battery cells, the maximum battery temperature (T_max) and maximum temperature difference (ΔT_max) between battery cells are minimized. Different cooling methods, including active, passive, and hybrid, are studied considering inlet air speed and temperature of 2 m/s and 298.15 K, respectively together with 3 mm PCM thickness. Furthermore, five cooling methods including natural convection, forced convection, cooling fins, phase change material, and metal foam are examined in the CFD simulation. The T_max obtained at each cooling method are 352.38 K, 328.82 K, 319.01 K, 313.2 K, and 309.14 K, respectively. Also, the ΔT_max of the battery is 0.33 K, 14.6 K, 5.39 K, 3.92 K, and 3.31 K, respectively. The safety investigation was conducted under a critical condition that the active system had failed, where T_max and ΔT_maxwere 310.64 K and 0.95 K, respectively. In addition, with the adoption of Design Expert software, series of design of experiments (DOE) were carried out to determine the optimal inlet air speed, temperature, and thickness of the PCM. Inlet air speed varied from 0.5 m/s to 4 m/s, inlet air temperature ranged from 290.15 K to 300.15 K, and thickness of PCM from 3 mm to 4 mm. This optimization proposed a thermal management system with 1.2 m/s inlet air velocity, 297.15 K inlet air temperature, and 3.8 mm PCM thickness, resulting in T_max and ΔT_max of 303.97 K and 3.17 K, respectively. These results can be used designing an efficient and optimal BTMS.
