مهدي قربانيان

Economic development models have had different paradigmatic frameworks throughout history, including core-periphery models of capitalism, structuralism, neo-Marxism, dependency theory, Maoism, basic needs, neoclassicism, as well as sustainable development, human development, development as freedom, and new institutionalism. Studying recent development models, including development from the perspective of institutionalism and creating a framework for an economic development model, firstly distinguishes the institutionalist development model from other models and secondly, enables the grouping or theoretical comparison between institutionalist theorists. For this purpose, while studying the development theories from the institutionalist perspective, focused studies were conducted on the theories of Commons from the old institutionalists and Coase from the new institutionalists. These individuals were respectively the first institutionalists to theorize about the fundamental concepts of "Transactions: the smallest unit of economic analysis" and "transaction costs: the necessity for vertical integration and the establishment of firms." These studies were conducted using the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin, and from 10 studied articles of Commons, 406 open codes and 42 Axial codes were extracted. Also, from 7 articles of Coase, 139 open codes and 4 Axial codes were extracted. The theory-building process was also depicted during axial coding, and the theory was eva‎luated using qualitative criteria. The main question of these studies is: "What are the characteristics of an economic development model based on institutionalist thought with an emphasis on the role of transaction costs? Development, from Commons' perspective, signifies an expansion and equalization of individual choice opportunities. This economic ideal is realized by reducing the social relationship from coercion to persuasion within institutions, and aligning it with moral rights (right and wrong) through the government institution as the regulatory and founding institution of new institutions. Coase's perspective can be situated within Commons' theory of development, as the Transaction Costs is the same as the necessity of social relations. Moreover, from Coase's viewpoint, transaction costs, as well as costs such as taxes, quotas, and pricing, lead to the establishment and resizing of firms, which emphasizes the dynamism of the economy. In other words, this is the same dynamism that Commons described in relation to the establishment of subsidiary institutions after the formation of the government. Therefore, there is no theoretical difference between old and new institutionalism.

توسعه اقتصادي , نهادگرايي , هزينه مبادله

Economics Development , Institutionalism , Transaction Cost

Mahdi Ghorbanian

Saeed Shavvalporarani