چكيده به لاتين
Urbanscapes, due to the abundance of vehicles, a vast number of users, a multitude of advertising billboards, and high-rise buildings, cause users to experience additional psychological pressure. This feeling creates a kind of hidden stress. Since this type of disruptive perception hinders the user's mental restoration process, it is necessary to investigate it. In this dissertation, this type of perception is introduced as "perceived oppressiveness." This thesis, as the first study to examine perceived oppressiveness in the active corridors of urban streetscapes, aims to answer the main question: "What are the strategic principles for employing the perceptual capabilities of oppressiveness in the active corridors of urban streetscapes with the goal of creating restorative quality?" It is written using an empirical approach. In this regard, the research literature was initially scrutinized through a systematic review and content analysis. This examination led to the extraction of indicators influencing perceived oppressiveness within street-level actor corridors. The identified components were categorized into three main groups: environmental factors, human-environment interaction, and human factors. Each of the primary components was further divided into sub-components. In the second phase, a two-step process was employed to determine the most influential indicators. Experts ranked the factors by responding to a best-worst method questionnaire. The data from this phase was analyzed using R software. Subsequently, based on these results, 238 citizens ranked the impact of the components through a choice-based conjoint questionnaire. Based on these findings, seven independent environments were simulated in a virtual reality environment. Thirty-one participants, each randomly experiencing two environments, had their brain waves recorded in five bands and fourteen channels using an EMOTIV device during their experiences. After each experience, participants completed three questionnaires measuring attention restoration, stress (DASS scale), and semantic differential scale. Brainwave data was analyzed using MATLAB software, while questionnaire data was analyzed using SPSS. The analysis of results indicates that various factors, including greenscape, perceived security and safety, environmental pollution, and spatial arrangement, exert complex influences on perceived oppressiveness. Greenscape and security play a reducing role by decreasing stress and increasing feelings of tranquility, while factors such as visual pollution intensify perceived oppressiveness through creating psychological pressure and mental disturbance. These relationships demonstrate that the impact of each factor depends on how it interacts with other environmental elements. Moreover, improving one component can mitigate the negative effects of other components. The framework presented in this research emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach that not only merges the perspectives of experts and users in urban design but also, by relying on psychological and social principles, enables the reduction of oppressiveness and the creation of restorative environments with better psychological quality
