چكيده به لاتين
In today's world, with the increasing urbanization of society, the need for creating green and natural spaces within cities is felt more than ever. Parks are an integral part of the urban fabric, where people spend significant amounts of time. One effective way to create these spaces is through the design of linear parks with a biophilic approach. Designing linear parks with a focus on biophilia means integrating natural and biological elements into urban spaces, providing individuals with feelings of calmness, happiness, and a connection to nature. Abandoned spaces come with significant drawbacks; therefore, it seems that redesigning abandoned railways, including the study area of this research (the Tehran-Tabriz railway), not only reduces social harms but also enhances the well-being of users, increases vitality, and ultimately lays the groundwork for the creation of a tourism attraction. This is expected to positively impact the mental health of individuals by attracting them, expanding social interactions, and increasing the amount of time they spend in these areas.
The main objective of this research is to design a linear park along the Tehran-Tabriz railway based on user preferences to promote health utilizing a biophilic approach in the upper part of the aforementioned railway tunnel. Ultimately, it aims to improve citizens' quality of life and enhance users' health while increasing their connection to the environment by providing suitable solutions and design patterns for such spaces. In terms of methodology, this research is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical and prescriptive in nature. For this purpose, through a literature review on linear parks and the biophilic approach, as well as drawing on similar experiences, the criteria were established; variables were identified based on the collected material, and a number of statements and questions were formulated to constitute the questionnaire structure. Finally, a semantic differential questionnaire was assessed within the study area. The questionnaire contains 17 specialized questions aimed at assessing the impact of each biophilic criterion on promoting user health based on residents' opinions. The scoring of the criteria follows the semantic differential scale ranging from -3 to +3, and the resulting data was analyzed using SPSS software.
The findings of the current research indicate that the design of the linear park along the Tehran-Tabriz railway, utilizing a biophilic approach, highly values criteria such as greenery and native plants, aromatic plants, natural sounds (such as water and birds), the presence of fountains and water features, evergreen trees, the use of curved forms (biomorphic shapes), inspirations drawn from natural forms like honeycomb, shell-like shapes, and Voronoi patterns, the use of indigenous and natural materials like wood, and the presence of kiosks and other shelters. These criteria, with highest average scores are considered by residents to have the greatest positive impact on promoting users' health and tranquility, while other traits and criteria follow in subsequent ranks. These results formed the basis for determining biophilic patterns and the final design of the study area, followed by proposed strategies to enhance user health.
In conclusion, it can be said that the proposed design and recommendations can initially highlight the crucial role of nature in promoting citizens' health and subsequently create suitable grounds for planning and establishing infrastructure for tourism and, importantly, promoting green and healthy spaces in abandoned areas (such as railways) while adhering to landscape architecture principles. It is hoped that the results will lead to significant improvements in the health of the urban community.
