چكيده به لاتين
Triazole compounds are of particular importance in medicinal chemistry and biochemistry. These compounds play a key role in the treatment of infections, various cancers, seizures, inflammation, neuronal cell destruction and stress, etc. The presence of three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures provides opportunities for structural changes to produce novel therapeutic agents, which are different from other heterocyclic compounds; thus, there are many drugs based on this in the market. However, the synthesis of newer triazoles is being developed to discover unknown and advanced pharmacological effects. There are various methods for the synthesis of these materials in organic chemistry, including microwave synthesis, ionic liquid synthesis, metal-free cyclic synthesis, copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cyclization, base-catalyzed synthesis, nanocatalyst-catalyzed synthesis, etc. Among them, nanocatalysts, due to their active sites and high contact surface area, are able to greatly increase the efficiency of synthetic reactions and provide significant economic savings. Thin-film nanocatalysts responsive to external stimuli such as potential, heat, light, ultrasound, etc. have improved the efficiency of classical catalytic processes and have also minimized the costs of separation and recovery of catalysts. Therefore, in the present project, a heterogeneous thin-film catalyst based on copper (I) oxide surrounded by Nickel/Cobalt double layer hydroxides (Cu2O/CoNi-LDH) derived from the imidazolate metal-organic framework ZIF-67 grown on a copper foam substrate has been developed by integrating electrochemical and hydrothermal methods. Physical and chemical investigations confirmed that the prepared catalyst had a homogeneous and uniform petal-like morphology with desirable crystallinity. The catalytic performance of Cu2O/CoNi-LDH for the electrochemical synthesis (stimulated with a potential of 5 V) of 1,2,3-triazole compound from benzyl bromide, sodium azide and phenylacetylene precursors in a mixed medium of water and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1 as solvent and a temperature of 70 °C was successfully investigated. The reaction efficiency was calculated to be 90%, which can be attributed to (1) highly dispersed Cu2O nanoparticles in the LDH matrix, which are instantaneously formed through in situ reduction of atomically dispersed Cu+ ions in the LDH matrix lattices formed by the separation and stabilization effect of Ni-OH, (2) strong enhancement of the presence of atomically dispersed Ni2+ and Co2+ ions and the possible synergistic effect of Cu2O/NiCo-LDH and LDH, and (3) enhanced adsorption capacity of reactants based on the unique petal-like morphology. This work provides a cheap and flexible approach to fabricate heterogeneous thin-film nanocatalysts using earth-abundant elements, which may open a new window to the practical applications of drug precursor synthesis.
