چكيده به لاتين
With the growing concerns over the energy crisis and global warming, significant attention has been directed toward renewable energy sources and energy harvesting technologies. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising candidates for use in self-powered systems, sensors, and wearable electronics, owing to their simple architecture, low cost, and ability to convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this study, two distinct categories of TENGs were designed, fabricated, and systematically investigated. The first category focused on TENGs based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), aiming to explore the influence of various physical parameters including contact surface area, porosity, and the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the PDMS matrix. Porosity was induced by blending PDMS with either crushed sugar particles or intact sugar cubes. Following the removal of the sugar template, different porosity levels were achieved. Experimental results demonstrated that increasing the contact area (from 1×1 cm² to 2×2 cm²), enhancing porosity (from 0% to approximately 56%), and incorporating CNTs into the porous PDMS significantly improved the output voltage. This enhancement is attributed to the increased effective contact area, reduced Young’s modulus in porous structures, and improved electrical conductivity due to the presence of CNTs. The second category involved the development of two-electrode TENGs incorporating monolayer graphene. Due to its two-dimensional aromatic structure, exceptional mechanical and electronic properties, and high conductivity, graphene is considered an ideal material for TENG applications. In one configuration, monolayer graphene was transferred onto a photolithographically patterned chromium electrode. In another, the bottom electrode consisted of oxidized copper (Cu/CuO), which acted as a charge-trapping dielectric layer, thereby enhancing the surface potential and resulting in improved device performance. To analyze the structure and quality of the fabricated devices, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the porosity of PDMS samples, while Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to assess the structural quality and surface morphology of the graphene layers. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for the development of flexible and high-performance TENGs suitable for next-generation wearable technologies, self-powered sensors, and energy-autonomous electronic systems.
