چكيده به لاتين
Housing goes beyond merely providing physical shelter; it represents one of the most pressing challenges of urbanization. War recovery, population growth, inflation, rural-to-urban migration, evolving lifestyles, increasing age of marriage, and declining birth rates are among the long-term factors that have contributed to the emergence of various housing typologies with an economic orientation. In recent years, due to ongoing economic issues, low-income and some middle-income households have increasingly faced difficulties in securing adequate urban housing.
The aim of this research is to identify different types of economically oriented housing and to determine the key characteristics that define their similarities and differences—ultimately leading to the selection of the most appropriate housing type as a solution for addressing the housing needs of low- to middle-income populations.
To achieve this aim, a comprehensive review of the literature related to economic housing typologies was conducted. In the initial phase, using a descriptive approach, various types of economic housing were examined, including: affordable housing, social housing, public housing, low-cost housing, supportive housing, optimized housing, budget housing, and minimum housing. Each type was then analyzed to identify its distinct components and characteristics.
In the next phase, through comparative analysis, six key attributes were derived to compare and contrast the identified housing typologies: target group, implementing body, financial support, location, ownership, and infrastructure services. Subsequently, using the Delphi method over three rounds with a panel of seven housing experts, a conceptual framework was developed to refine the features of each housing type.
The results revealed that affordable housing, optimized housing, and minimum housing share commonalities in terms of support, location, infrastructure, implementing body, and ownership, but differ in their respective target populations. In contrast, social housing, public housing, and supportive housing share similarities in location, support, and infrastructure, while differing in terms of their implementing agencies, target groups, and ownership models.
Additionally, the key components of each housing type were ranked using Shannon Entropy based on their frequency in the literature. Findings indicate that in affordable housing, the top priorities are services and amenities, safety, and accessibility; in minimum housing, they are plan layout, accessibility, and security; and in social housing, the leading factors are accessibility, plan layout, and security, respectively.
