Design, Fabrication an‎d Characterization of a Multifunctional Nanosensor Using Laser-Induced Graphene

3/11/2026 12:00:00 AM

A novel approach has recently emerged in graphene synthesis through direct laser writing (LIG), offering a significantly more cost-effective an‎d scalable method compared to conventional techniques. This thesis presents the development of a high-sensitivity, multi-purpose LIG-based sensor capable of measuring strain, temperature, pressure, an‎d sound. The process involved creating graphene structures on polyimide substrates using a CO₂ laser, which were then transferred onto four different substrates arranged on a single integrated flexible platform to form a multifunctional sensing element. The formation of hierarchical porous graphene structures was confirmed through SEM, EDS, an‎d Raman spectroscopy characterization. To enhance performance an‎d eliminate cross-sensing interference, each parameter was individually measured an‎d differential compensation was applied to obtain the final output. The electromechanical performance of all four sensors was eva‎luated an‎d analyzed across specified ranges through multiple test cycles, demonstrating reliable operation. The fabricated sensor system consists of four discrete elements for measuring strain, pressure, temperature, an‎d sound, arranged in a planar configuration. Each sensor was specially protected with coatings such as PDMS, PAI (a high thermal conductivity thermoplastic), an‎d silicone oil to ensure environmental resistance. Electromechanical testing results showed that the strain sensor exhibited high sensitivity (GF=1.22-8.84) with linear behavior across 5-70% strain range, minimal hysteresis, an‎d stable performance even after 500 loading cycles. - The pressure sensor showed similar high sensitivity with low computational error (1%) . The temperature sensor maintained linear, stable response between 20-80°C, though with minor thermal noise effects . The acoustic sensor accurately detected frequency an‎d intensity variations, performing comparably to conventional microphones. Performance comparison with previous designs demonstrated this systemʹs superior flexibility (up to 70% for strain sensing), optimal sensitivity, an‎d mechanical durability. These characteristics make it particularly suitable for wearable applications in healthcare, sports monitoring, an‎d environmental sensing. The key innovation of this research lies in the successful integration of multiple sensors into a single lightweight, robust structure with optimized coatings for simultaneous stable operation. The LIG fabrication method provides distinct advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, scalability, an‎d performance compared to conventional graphene production techniques.

نانوحسگر چندتايي، گرافن القاشده با ليزر، حسگر كرنش، حسگر فشار، حسگر دما، حسگر صوت , نانوحسگر چندتايي , گرافن القاشده با ليزر , حسگر كرنش , حسگر فشار , حسگر دما , حسگر صوت

Multiple nanosensor, laser-induced graphene, strain sensor, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, sound sensor , Multiple nanosensor , laser-induced graphene , strain sensor , pressure sensor , temperature sensor , sound sensor

Farzad Sistani

Sadegh Sadegh Zadeh