فاطمه صديقي

The development of solid sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) has long been constrained by structural non-uniformity, limited reproducibility, an‎d insufficient control over geometric architecture. In this work, we introduce three-dimensional (3D) printing as a novel an‎d versatile fabrication strategy to address these limitations. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was selec‎ted as the feedstock owing to its excellent mechanical resilience, chemical stability, an‎d thermal resistance. Using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer, a custom-engineered disk sorbent with precisely tailored geometry was fabricated an‎d integrated into a cylindrical SPE cartridge. The adsorption performance of the 3D-printed sorbent was systematically investigated using Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), an anionic azo dye, as a model pollutant. Experimental runs were designed via Design-Expert software employing a response surface methodology (RSM) framework, considering pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, an‎d infill density as independent variables. Dye removal efficiency was quantified through UV–Vis spectrophotometry, an‎d adsorption behavior was interpreted using equilibrium isotherm an‎d kinetic models. Optimal adsorption was achieved at pH 2, an initial dye concentration of 10 mg L⁻¹, contact time of 130 min, an‎d 90% infill density, yielding an average removal efficiency of 85%. The adsorption data exhibited an excellent fit to the Langmuir isotherm an‎d the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating monolayer chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. This study demonstrates that 3D printing not only enables unprecedented control over sorbent microarchitecture but also provides a scalable pathway for producing reproducible, application-specific sorbents with significant promise for analytical an‎d environmental remediation applications.

جاذب پرينت‌ شده سه ‌بعدي , استخراج فاز جامد , جذب سطحي , ترموپلاستيك پلي اورتان

3D-printed sorbent , Solid-phase extraction (SPE) , Adsorption , Thermoplastic polyurethane

Fatemeh Sedighi

Afsaneh Mollahoseini