Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Graphene an‎d Hafnium Metal–Organic Frameworks (Hf-MOFs) for Diagnostic Applications in Breast Cancer

9/9/2026 12:00:00 AM

In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor was designed an‎d developed for the specific detection of SK-BR-3 cancer cells overexpressing the HER2+ receptor in breast cancer. The sensing platform was based on a graphite electrode modified with a nanocomposite consisting of hafnium-based metal–organic frameworks (Hf-MOFs) an‎d polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized carbon nanotubes. The synthesized composite provided a stable matrix for increasing the effective surface area of the electrode, thereby enhancing biomolecular interactions. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes improved electrical conductivity an‎d charge transfer, resulting in signal amplification an‎d enhanced sensitivity of the system. To increase specificity, monoclonal antibodies against the HER2+ receptor were immobilized on the composite surface. In the presence of target SK-BR-3 cells, the specific antibody–antigen interaction induced detectable changes in the electrochemical response, which were measured using voltammetry techniques. Experimental results demonstrated that the biosensor exhibited excellent selec‎tivity an‎d sensitivity, with a linear detection range of 5 to 300 cells. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 1.43 cells, an‎d the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 3 cells, indicating its remarkable efficiency in the early detection of HER2+ cancer cells. These findings highlight the strong potential of the developed biosensor for early an‎d non-invasive breast cancer diagnostics, particularly in clinical samples with low cellular load.

زيست‌حسگر الكتروشيميايي , HER2+ , نانولوله كربني , چارچوب آلي - فلزي (MOF) , سرطان پستان , تشخيص زودهنگام , سلول SK-BR-3

Electrochemical biosensor , HER2+ , Carbon nanotubes , Metal–organic framework (MOF) , Breast cancer , Early diagnosis , SK-BR-3 cells

Alireza Sadraei

Dr. Seyed Morteza Naghib