solar power plant cyber-physical system modeling an‎d economical-security optimization

10/22/2026 12:00:00 AM

The rapid growth of renewable energy utilization an‎d the widespread integration of digital technologies in the power sector have led to the emergence of cyber–physical solar power plants (CP-SPPs) — systems in which the physical layers of energy generation an‎d storage are tightly integrated with cyber layers of monitoring, control, an‎d intelligent decision-making. While this integration enhances efficiency an‎d reliability, it simultaneously exposes the plants to combined physical an‎d cyber risks that can significantly affect costs, resilience, an‎d economic performance. This research develops an integrated framework for the economic–security modeling an‎d optimization of cyber–physical solar power plants. Real incident an‎d failure data from global solar power plants (2008–2023) were collected an‎d categorized, an‎d a dynamic two-layer model representing both physical an‎d cyber subsystems was designed. Key economic indicators (LCOE, NPV, ROI) an‎d security metrics (attack probability, damage severity, recovery time) were defined an‎d combined into a multi-objective optimization function. The model was solved using meta-heuristic algorithms such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) an‎d Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) an‎d implemented in MATLAB for numerical simulation an‎d validation. The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively captures the interdependence between physical an‎d cyber risks, leading to reduced total system costs, enhanced resilience, an‎d optimized economic–security decision-making under uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing security investment up to an optimal threshold simultaneously decreases economic loss an‎d cyber risk. The proposed framework serves as a decision-support tool for investment planning, risk management, an‎d sustainability enhancement in modern cyber–physical solar power infrastructures.

نيروگاه خورشيدي سايبرفيزيكي , بهينه‌سازي اقتصادي–امنيتي , مديريت ريسك , تاب‌آوري انرژي

Cyber–physical solar power plant , economic–security optimization , risk management , energy resilience

Mahdi Naghavi

Dr. Reza Dashti