مهدي روتيوندغياثوند

With the rapid expansion of electric vehicles, sustainable lifecycle management of lithium-ion batteries has become a strategic challenge. This research aims to design an integrated closed-loop supply chain network by developing a multi-objective, multi-product, an‎d multi-period mathematical model encompassing nine echelons from suppliers to recycling an‎d disposal. The model incorporates the triple bottom line of sustainability (economic, environmental, an‎d social) an‎d employs a "two-stage stochastic robust optimization" approach to manage inherent uncertainties in deman‎d an‎d battery return rates. Furthermore, to enhance realism an‎d network efficiency, the selec‎tion of multi-modal transportation methods (road, rail, sea, an‎d air) an‎d the utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for managing reverse flows are considered, an‎d the final model is solved using the "Augmented Epsilon-Constraint" method. To validate the model, a semi-realistic case study combining global data with local conditions in Iran was implemented. The results demonstrated that the proposed robust approach outperforms the deterministic model in managing fluctuation risks, increasing profitability by 16.8% an‎d reducing detrimental environmental impacts by 24%. Sensitivity analysis indicated a strong dependency of production costs on the prices of raw materials such as aluminum, cobalt, an‎d nickel. Finally, using the "Relative Ideal Distance" (RID) method, the best compromise solution was selec‎ted, balancing conflicting objectives while creating 569 jobs an‎d requiring over 71,000 hours of specialized training. This research provides a comprehensive framework for policymakers to realize a circular economy an‎d sustainable management of the battery supply chain.

طراحي شبكه زنجيره تأمين حلقه بسته , پايداري , باتري ليتيوم-يون , عدم‌قطعيت , بهينه‌سازي استوار , حمل‌ونقل چندوجهي

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design , Sustainability , Lithium-Ion Battery , Uncertainty , Robust Optimization , Multi-Modal Transportation

Mahdi Rotivand Ghiasvand

Mahdi Heydari